2022-2023年考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题含答案解析第4期.docx

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题（ ）sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during most of the twentieth century, they are gradually losing that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.问题1选项A.ForB.AlthoughC.AsD.Since【答案】B【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项for“因为，由于”；B选项thoug

2、ht“虽然，尽管”；C选项as“当时，随着，照方式， 因为，由于”；D选项since“自以来，由于，既然”。由sermons retained their preeminence（布道保留了它们的优势地位）与they are gradually losing that central places（它们逐渐失去了中心位置）可知前后两句之间表示转折让步关系，因此选B。句意：尽管布道在20世纪的大部分时间里仍然在宗教生活中占据着主导地位，但随着教会将更多的精力投入到社会活动中，布道逐渐失去了中心位置。2. 单选题You will see the lightning （ ）it happens, b

3、ut you hear the thunder later.问题1选项A.the instantB.for an instantC.on the instantD.in an instant【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项the instant“一就”；B选项for an instant“片刻，一瞬间”；C选项on the instant“立即，马上”；D选项“立即，马上”。此处要表达的是“闪电一发生就能看见”，因此选A。句意：闪电一出现你就会看到，但你稍后才会听到雷声。3. 单选题This newly established institution has to face a whol

4、e range of crimes and（ ）.问题1选项A.femininityB.prescriptionsC.delinquenciesD.authenticity【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项femininity“女性气质”；B选项prescription“处方，药方”；C选项delinquency“不法行为，违法行为”；D选项authenticity“真实性，确实性”。由and可知空格处与crimes（罪行，犯罪）具有同样的感情色彩，因此选C。句意：这个新成立的机构必须面对一系列的罪行和违法行为。4. 单选题The old couple decided to（ ）a boy

5、 and a girl though they had three children of their own.问题1选项A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“使适合（新用途、新情况），适应（新情况）”；B选项bring“带来，引起，导致”；C选项receive“拿到，接到，受到”；D选项adopt“收养，领养，采用”。此处表示这对老夫妇决定领养一男一女，因此选D。句意：这对老夫妇决定收养一男一女，尽管他们自己有三个孩子。5. 单选题Your advice would be（ ）valuable to him, who i

6、s now at a loss as to what to do first.问题1选项A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively“唯一地”。根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项最为恰当，表示“非常有价值”。句意：你的建议对他非常有价值，因为他现在不知道该先做什么。6. 单选题At three thousand feet, wi

7、de plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not（ ）.问题1选项A.on viewB.at a glanceC.on the sceneD.in sight【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on view“在展出，陈列着”；B选项at a glance“立刻，一眼就”；C选项on the scene“在场，出现，到场”；D选项in sight“看得见，在视野内”。分析“some distant mountain is not_”可知空格处的内容作表语，说明主语s

8、ome distant mountain（远处的山脉），结合句意，可知D选项符合语境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，宽阔的平原开始出现了，而且时刻可以看得见远处的山脉。7. 单选题He is very tired. He needs（ ）.问题1选项A.a good night restB.good rest of a nightC.a good rest nightD.a good nights rest【答案】D【解析】考查名词所有格。表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加“s”来表示所有关系，此处表示他需要一个晚上的休息，night为名词，后面加“

9、s”表示与rest的所有关系，因此选D。句意：他非常累，他需要一个晚上的休息。8. 单选题Calculus does not have to be made easy it is easy already. That banner used to grace the Los Angeles classroom of someone once called the best teacher in America. Jaime Escalante, the unconventional calculus teacher who was depicted by Edward James Olmos

10、in the 1988 film Stand and Deliver, died last year of cancer at the age of 79.Half a year after his death, the Obama administration weighed in on the state of science, technology, engineering and mathematics（STEM） education in this country. The report, “Prepare and Inspire,” reviewed the sobering st

11、atistics about how our K-12 schools suffer by comparison to their counterparts in other developed nations. It called for recruiting and training 100,000 STEM teachers.But achieving these goals is not going to be easy. The report noted that 25,000 STEM teachers leave the workforce every year, mostly

12、because of disgruntlement with their jobs and lack of professional support. To attract and retain enough science and math teachers, it will require an elevation in their status and a thorough revamping（翻新）of attitudes toward the entire profession.The onus（责任）to improve schools should be on federal,

13、state and local educational strategists. The first step should be to tap the strengths of the existing teaching pool. We must identify todays Escalante the top 5 percent of the nations STEM teachers and, as recommended in the administration report, induct them into a STEM master teachers corps that

14、would receive salary supplements and federal funding to support their activities. Second, we need to give all teachers the tools they need. We should form the equivalent of an Advanced Research Projects Agency to help develop educational technologies, including “deeply digital” instructional materia

15、ls that encourage active participation. Finally, we should shift our emphasis from standards to implementation. Developing new standards does have a role, but it is the difficulty of putting them into practice, given the day-to-day pressures that teachers are under.To meet all the goals set by the W

16、hite House report would require an extra $1 billion each year. Against the nearly $600 billion spent annually for public education, it is not a huge sum. Still, with local districts faced with declining tax revenues and unfunded mandates, some of the money will have to come from the federal governme

17、nt.That goes against the grain during a time when teachers salaries and benefits are being cut. Yet the costs of doing nothing are a matter of simple calculus. If we do not improve STEM education, the U.S. will continue a decades-long slide from the middle of the pack in student achievement toward t

18、he very bottom.1.The example of Jaime Escalante is cited to show（ ）.2.The author comes up with the following solutions EXCEPT（ ）.3.It can be inferred that the biggest barrier to the education reform lies in（ ）.4.According to the passage, “.the costs of doing nothing are a matter of simple calculus”

19、means that（ ）.问题1选项A.the lack of STEM teachersB.the influence of good teachersC.the difficulty to be a teacherD.societys respect to teachers问题2选项A.attracting talented teachers to STEM educationB.granting special allowances to top teachersC.improving auxiliary materials for teachersD.elevating social

20、 and economic positions of teachers问题3选项A.the federal governmentB.lack social supportC.economic hardshipsD.great loss of teachers问题4选项A.its never too late to do somethingB.calculus can be simpleC.costs is not easy to calculateD.education reform is imperative【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键

21、词Jaime Escalante定位到文章第一段，由once called the best teacher in America（曾经被称为美国最好的老师）可知Jaime Escalante是一位好老师，以及第二段首句Half a year after his death, the Obama administration weighed in on the state of science, technology, engineering and mathematics（STEM）education in this country（在他去世半年后，奥巴马政府对美国的科学、技术、工程和数学教

22、育状况进行了评估）可知B选项“好老师的影响”符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段中的To attract and retain enough science and math teachers, it will require an elevation in their status and a thorough revamping of attitudes toward the entire profession.（要吸引和留住足够的科学和数学教师，就需要提高他们的地位，彻底改变对整个行业的态度）与D选项“提高教师的社会经济地位”相对应；第四段中的receive salary supplem

23、ents and federal funding.to help develop educational technologies，including“deeply digital” instructional materials（领取工资补助和联邦资金帮助发展教育技术，包括“深度数字化”教学材料）分别对应B选项“给予优秀教师特殊津贴”和C选项“改进教师辅助材料”，通过排除法，可知A选项为正确答案。3.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Still, with local districts faced with declining tax revenues and unfunded mandat

24、es, some of the money will have to come from the federal government.（然而，由于当地地区面临税收下降和无资金支持的情况，部分资金将不得不来自联邦政府）和最后一段的首句That goes against the grain during a time when teachers salaries and benefits are being cut.（当教师的工资和福利被削减的时候，这是背道而驰的）可知C选项“经济困难”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的If we do not improve STEM educati

25、on, the U.S. will continue a decades-long slide from the middle of the pack in student achievement toward the very bottom.（如果我们不改善STEM教育，美国学生的成绩将从中等继续滑落到低端）可知D选项“教育改革势在必行”符合题意。9. 单选题He has been plowing through a biography of Lyndon Johnson and a（ ）of Henry Kissinger.问题1选项A.dissectionB.dissertationC.

26、necessityD.casualty【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项dissection“解剖，仔细分析，详细评论”；B选项dissertation“专题论文，学位论文”；C选项necessity“必然，必要”；D选项casualty“（战争或事故的）伤员，亡者”。plow through表示“艰难地完成”，“a biography（传记）of Lyndon Johnson and a_of Henry Kissinger”为两个并列宾语，因此空格处应与biography相关的词语，结合句意选A。句意：他一直艰难地完成Lyndon Johnson的传记和Henry Kissinger的

27、详细评论。10. 单选题This kind of material can （ ）heat and moisture.问题1选项A.deleteB.repelC.compelD.constrain【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 delete“删除”；B选项repel“抗拒，抵御”；C选项compel“强迫，迫使”；D选项constrain“强迫，限制，约束”。根据宾语heat and moisture（热和潮湿）可知B选项符合逻辑。句意：这种材料能抵御热和潮湿。11. 单选题Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discr

28、imination have been condemned or made illegal. But the one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surname beginning with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known tha

29、t a taxi firm called AAAA car has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large

30、number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the

31、second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even

32、if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Alien, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely by coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the

33、 first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disa

34、dvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the ti

35、me they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.1.What does the author intend to

36、 illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?2.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?3.The fourth paragraph suggests that（ ）.4.What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Para. 5)?5.Which of the following is true according to the text?问题1选项A.A kind of overlook in

37、equality.B.A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.问题2选项A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D.Some form of discr

38、imination is too subtle to recognize.问题3选项A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.teachers should pay attention to all of their studentsD.students should be seated according to their eyesight问题4选项A.They are getting im

39、patient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.问题5选项A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabtism still has a long way to

40、go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surname beginning with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.（对于那些尚未意识到这一劣势的人来说，

41、这是指对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母开头的人的歧视）可知A选项“一种被忽视的不公平”符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段提出字母排序是一种隐藏的歧视；第二三段举例说明字母排序的歧视，因此D选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙以至于无法识别”符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第四段介绍了从入学开始，老师们就按姓氏首字母排序安排学生的座位，很少关注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而经常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他们提问，因此C选项“老师们应该关注所有的学生”符合题意。4.词义题。由文章最后一段中的The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonie

42、s, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.（羞辱还在继续。在大学毕业典礼上，ABC们自豪地获得了他们的奖项；等轮到Zysman们的时候，大多数人实际上已经ZZZ了）可在推测等轮到Zysman们领奖时，其他人由于等的时间太长，差不多都会睡着了。ZZZ表示“（拟声）打鼾声”，dozing off表示“打瞌睡”，因此选B。5.推理判断题。文章主要介绍了字母排序所带来的歧视，这种歧视是隐蔽的，是无意中导致的，因

43、此D选项“按字母顺序排列可能会导致无意的偏见”符合题意。12. 单选题Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formats and the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in（ ）computers.问题1选项A.abstractB.obsoleteC.obstinateD.obese【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项abstract“抽象的，理论上的”；B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时

44、的”；C选项obstinate“固执的，顽固的，棘手的”；D选项obese“臃肿的，虚胖的，病态肥胖的”。原句表示“专业档案管理员和图书管理员有方法以其它格式复制资料，并有专门技能挽回困在_计算机中的资料”，因此B选项符合语境。句意：专业档案管理员和图书管理员有方法以其它格式复制资料，并有专门技能挽回困在废弃计算机中的资料。13. 翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a l

45、anguage all their own, a common religion, or common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial narcissistic personality has become character

46、istic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, “tortured by self-c

47、onsciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for.” There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.【答案】大多数社会的共识来自于悠久的历史、一种完全属于自己的语言、一个共同的宗教或共同的祖先。他们赖以生存的神话就是建