2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前模拟强化练习题90附答案详解.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Some disputes among these countries are _ by history.问题1选项A.left overB.turned overC.handed overD.taken over【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. left over 留下 B. turned over 移交给；翻阅；反复考虑C. handed over （把某事）交给负责 D. taken over 接管；接替【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析与语义衔接【解题思路】空格处前后语义为“这些国家之间的一些争端是被历史_”，由此

2、可知，与空格处所填短语搭配的是“国家间的一些争端”和“历史”，A选项left over“留下”最符合原句语义衔接，指“被历史遗留下来的争端”。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】这些国家之间的一些争端是历史遗留下来的。2. 单选题If English is not our first language, you can often be puzzled by ways of expression that the native speaker of English does not even have to _.问题1选项A.think outB.think aboutC.

3、think overD.think for【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. think out 仔细权衡 B. think about 考虑（到）C. think over 仔细考虑 D. think for 思考；为着想【答案】C【考查点】短语辨析【解题思路】空格处所填词的主语为“以英语为母语的人”，根据上下文语境，母语者在使用自己的语言时，不需要经过太多的思考，他们脱口而出的很多表达在非母语者看来是难以理解的，C选项think over“仔细考虑”最符合前后文语境。【干扰项排除】A选项think out“仔细权衡”，侧重于指在采取行动前把方方面面都考虑到；B选项think about“考

4、虑（到）”，侧重于指为解决问题而动脑筋思考；D选项think for“为着想”，侧重于指替某人着想；接时间时，也可以指思考的时间。【句意】如果英语不是我们的第一语言，你可能经常会被一些以英语为母语的人不用思考就能理解的表达方式所迷惑。3. 写作题Write an essay of at least 350 words based on the following passage excerpted from an essay written by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Your writing should include 1) the authors idea, 2) y

5、our arguments and 3) supporting details. You should provide a title for your essay.the same.criticism may be traced in the efforts for the reform of Education. The popular education has been taxed with a want of truth and nature. It was complained an education to things was not given. We are student

6、s of words: we are shut up in schools, and colleges, and recitation rooms, for ten or fifteen years, and come out at last with a bag of wind, a memory of words, and do not know a thing. We cannot use our hands, or our eyes, or our arms. We do not know an edible root in the woods, we cannot tell our

7、course by the stars, nor the hour of the day by the sun. It is well if we can swim and skate. .The old English rule was, “All summer in the field, and all winter in the study.” The lessons of science should be experimental also. The sight of the planet through a telescope is worth all the course on

8、astronomy: the shock of the electric spark in the elbow, out-values all the theories; the taste of the nitrous oxide, the firing of an artificial volcano, are better volume of chemistry.【答案】【略】4. 单选题This is an _ a piece of work of art, verified by several prominent art connoisseurs.问题1选项A.angularB.a

9、mbitiousC.almightyD.authentic【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. angular 瘦骨嶙峋的 B. ambitious 有野心的；有雄心的C. almighty 全能的 D. authentic 真品的【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所填形容词修饰的是“艺术作品”，根据后文“经几位著名的艺术鉴赏家证实”可知，该作品是真品，D选项authentic“真品的”符合原句前后语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句前后语义衔接。【句意】这是一件经过几位著名艺术鉴赏家鉴定的艺术真品。5. 单选题A power failure created _ in t

10、ransportation, so the police had to engage in handling with the confusion.问题1选项A.emergencyB.emergenceC.extensionD.enclosure【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. emergency 紧急情况；突发事件 B. emergence 出现；兴起C. extension 延伸 D. enclosure 围场；附件【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】空格所在部分语义为“由于停电，交通系统出现了_”，根据后文“因此警方不得不介入处理这一混乱局面（confusion）”推测

11、交通系统因为停电出现了混乱，空格处所填词与“停电导致交通系统混乱”对应，A选项“紧急情况；突发事件”最符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】B选项emergence“出现；兴起”，为emergency的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接；C选项extension“延伸”，不符合原句语义衔接；D选项enclosure“围场；附件”，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】由于停电，交通出现了紧急情况，警察不得不出面处理混乱局面。6. 单选题To get my travelers check I had to _ a special check to the bank for the total amount.问题1选

12、项A.make forB.make offC.make outD.make over【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. make for 前往；造就 B. make off （常指为逃离而）尽快离开C. make out 填写 D. make over （财产）转让【答案】C【考查点】动宾搭配【解题思路】空格处所填词的宾语为“一张特殊的支票”，C选项make out“填写”可以与之搭配，make out a check指的是写一张支票，即填写支票上的必要信息。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项与“一张特殊的支票”搭配不当。【句意】我必须向银行开一张特别支票，以取得旅行支票的全部金额。7. 单选题Al

13、though the main characters in the novel are so true to life, they are certainly _ by the author.问题1选项A.imaginaryB.imaginingC.imaginableD.imaginative【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. imaginary 幻想的；虚构的 B. imagining 想象（现在分词）C. imaginable 想象得到的 D. imaginative 有想象力的【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“虽然小说中的主要人物都很真实，但他们确实是作者

14、空格处所填词用来修饰作者笔下的小说人物，并且与真实的（so true to life）意义相对，因此，A选项imaginary“幻想的；虚构的”最符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都是正确选项的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】虽然小说中的主要人物都很逼真，但他们确实是作者虚构的。8. 单选题The most immediate effect has been the adverse publicity attendant with the reporting of the decision.问题1选项A.appallingB.shockingC.negativeD.pr

15、ovoking【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. appalling 骇人听闻的 B. shocking 令人发指的C. negative 消极的；负面的 D. provoking 刺激的；令人生气的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“最直接的影响是在报告该决定时引起的_效果”，原词adverse“不利的；有害的；反面的”，C选项negative“消极的；负面的”最符合原句语义。【干扰项排除】A选项appalling“骇人听闻的”，侧重于指非常糟糕或令人不快，不符合原句语义；B选项shocking“令人发指的”，侧重于指非常坏、不道德，不符合原句语义；D选项provoking

16、刺激的；令人生气的”，不符合原句语义。【句意】最直接的影响是在报告该决定时引起的负面效果。9. 单选题Are we tolerating more Dishonesty?The income-tax deadline approaches and some taxpayers thought turn to it. Test time approaches and some students thoughts turn to it. Temptation appears and spouses consider it. Nowadays, cheating is on the rise. “

17、You want something you cant get by behaving within the rules, and you want it badly enough youll do it regardless of any guilt or deep regret and youre willing to run the risk of being caught.” Thats how Ladd Wheeler, psychology professor at the University of Rochester in New York, defines cheating.

18、Cheating represents the triumph of the “Brazen Rule” over the “Golden Rule”, says Terry Pinkard, philosophy professor at Georgetown University. “The Golden Rule says, “Do unto others as you would like have them do onto you. The Brazen Rule says, “Do onto others as they would do onto you if they were

19、 in your place.” Many experts believe cheating is on the rise. “Were seeing more of the kind of person who regards the world as a series of things to be manipulated. Whether to cheat depends on whether its in the persons interest.” He does, however, see less cheating among the youngest students.Rich

20、ard Dienstbier, psychology professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, believes that societys attitudes account for much of the rise in cheating. Twenty years ago, if a person cheated in college, society said, “That is extremely serious; you will be dropped for a semester if not kicked out p

21、ermanently”, he says. “Nowadays, at the University of Nebraska, for example, it is the stated policy of the College of Arts and Sciences that if a student cheats on an exam, the student must receive an F on what he cheated on. Thats nothing. If youre going to fail anyway, why not cheat?”Cheating is

22、unethical, Pinkard says, whether its massive fraud or failure to tell a store cashier you were undercharged. “Youre treating other people merely as a means for your own ends. Youre using people in ways they would not consent to. The cheater says, “Let everybody else bear the burden, and Ill reap the

23、 benefits.”Cheaters usually try to justify their actions, says Robert Hogan, chairman of the psychology department at the University of Tulsa in Oklahoma. “They never think its their fault.” Cheaters make justifications because they want to feel good about themselves, adds Wheeler. “They dont want t

24、o label themselves as a cheater. Also, they may be anticipating the possibility of getting caught, so they work on their excuse ahead of time.” The most common justifications, psychologists say, include:“I had to do it.”“The test was unfair.”“Everybody does it, and I have to cheat to get whats right

25、fully mine.”“The government wastes the money anyway.”“My wife (or husband) doesnt understand me, and weve grown apart.”“Cheating is most likely in situations where the stakes are high and the chances of getting caught are low”, says social psychologist Lynn Kahle of the University of Oregon in Eugen

26、e. In his study, a group of freshmen were allowed to grade their own tests, while secret, pressure-sensitive paper indicated who changed answers. To raise the pressure, students were given an extremely high score as the “average” for the test and told that those who failed would go before an inquiri

27、ng board of psychologists. About 46 percent of the male students changed answers; among the females, about 30 percent cheated.Everybody cheats a little, some psychologists say, while others insist that most people are basically honest and some wouldnt cheat under any circumstances.Despite the genera

28、l rise in cheating, Pinkard sees some cause for hope, “I do find among younger students a much less tolerant attitude toward cheating.” Perhaps, he says, the upcoming generation is less spoiled than the “baby boom” students who preceded themand therefore less self-centered. “There seems to be a swin

29、g back in the culture.”1. The purpose of this passage is to _.2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?3. According to the passage, with which of the following would the author probably NOT agree?4. When a person is caught cheating, it is most likely that he _.5. Regarding the fut

30、ure of cheating, the author seems to be _.问题1选项A.convince the reader that cheating is immoralB.discuss the varieties of and reasons for cheatingC.describe how cheaters cheatD.suggest how to curtail cheating问题2选项A.It is ethical to cheat unless money is involved.B.Failure to tell a store cashier you w

31、ere undercharged is not considered cheating.C.There has been a general rise in cheating.D.Most cheaters are college students.问题3选项A.Cheating is often the result of intense pressure.B.Cheating is cheating, whether on a test or on income tax forms.C.Cheating is widespread and society is too tolerant.D

32、The Brazen Rule is a better rule than the Golden Rule.问题4选项A.pretends to apologize for what he has doneB.pretends that he has no knowledge of what is going onC.ascribes his misconduct to some external motivationD.denies the fact in fearful anticipation of escaping punishment问题5选项A.depressedB.optimi

33、sticC.amusedD.bewildered【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The purpose of this passage is to _. 本文的目的是_。A. convince the reader that cheating is immoral A. 让读者相信欺骗是不道德的B. discuss the varieties of and reasons for cheating B. 讨论欺骗的种类和原因C. describe how cheaters cheat C. 描述欺骗者是怎么欺骗别人的D. suggest h

34、ow to curtail cheating D. 建议如何减少欺骗【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】文章的写作目的，需要从全文内容来推断。本文前两段写的是各种欺骗的现象；后面几段都是在讨论欺骗现象出现的原因。因此，B选项“讨论欺骗的种类和原因”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“让读者相信欺骗是不道德的”，虽然原文第四段第一句提到“欺骗是不道德的（Cheating is unethical）”，但是证明这一点并不是本文的目的，该选项属于过度推理；C选项“描述欺骗者是怎么欺骗别人的”，本文的重点并不在介绍欺骗的方式，该选项属于本末倒置；D选项“建议如何减少欺骗”，本文并未就解决欺骗问题提

35、出建议，该选项属于无中生有。第2题:【选项释义】According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? 根据文章，下列哪一项是正确的？A. It is ethical to cheat unless money is involved. A. 欺骗是合乎道德的，除非涉及金钱。B. Failure to tell a store cashier you were undercharged is not considered cheating. B. 没有告诉收银员你被少收了钱被认为不是欺骗。C. There has been a gen

36、eral rise in cheating. C. 欺骗现象普遍增加。D. Most cheaters are college students. D. 大多数欺骗者是大学生。【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】原文最后一段第一句提到“尽管欺骗现象普遍增加（the general rise in cheating）”，由此可知，欺骗现象普遍增加了。C选项“欺骗现象普遍增加”表述正确符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“欺骗是合乎道德的，除非涉及金钱”，可定位到原文第四段第一句，该句提到“欺骗是不道德的（unethical），无论是大规模的欺诈还是没有告诉收银员你被少收了钱。”由此可知，不管是否

37、涉及金钱，欺骗都是不道德的，该选项表述错误，不符合题意，属于反向干扰；B选项“没有告诉收银员你被少收了钱被认为不是欺骗”，由A选项定位句可知，没有告诉收银员自己被少收了钱也是欺骗，该选项表述错误，不符合题意，属于反向干扰；D选项“大多数欺骗者是大学生”，原文只是提到了欺骗的类型之一大学生作弊，并没有说大多数欺骗者是大学生，该选项属于无中生有。第3题:【选项释义】According to the passage, with which of the following would the author probably NOT agree? 根据文章，作者可能不同意下列哪一种观点？A. Chea

38、ting is often the result of intense pressure. A. 欺骗往往是压力过大的结果。B. Cheating is cheating, whether on a test or on income tax forms. B. 欺骗就是欺骗，无论是在考试的时候还是填所得税表格的时候。C. Cheating is widespread and society is too tolerant. C. 欺骗很普遍，社会对此太宽容了。D. The Brazen Rule is a better rule than the Golden Rule. D. “无耻原则”

39、比“黄金法则”更好。【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】原文第二段第一句提到“欺骗代表着无耻原则对黄金规则的胜利。”原文最后一段提到“尽管作弊现象普遍增加，但Pinkard看到了一些希望（hope）：我确实发现，较年轻的学生对欺骗的宽容态度要低得多。”由此可得，作者对欺骗是持批判态度的。由此推断，作者并不认为“无耻原则”比“黄金法则”更好。因此，D选项“无耻原则比黄金规则更好”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“欺骗往往是压力过大的结果”，可定位到原文第六段。本段提到研究人员“用压力敏感纸（pressure-sensitive paper）显示改了答案的学生”，并且“为了增加压力（To ra

40、ise the pressure），故意给了学生们一个很高的平均分”。由此推断，研究人员认为巨大的压力下，人们更有可能产生欺骗行为。作者把这个实验作为自己的一个案例写在文章中，可见，他是同意这个观点的，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；B选项“欺骗就是欺骗，无论是在考试的时候还是填所得税表格的时候”，可定位到原文第一段。本段第一句提到“所得税（income-tax）的截止日期越来越近，一些纳税人开始考虑它。”第二句提到“随着考试（Test）时间的临近，一些学生开始考虑它。”由第四句“如今，欺骗现象（cheating）越来越多”推断，第一、二句中提到的“它”指的就是欺骗。由此推断，作者认为不管是在

41、考试的时候还是填所得税表格的时候，欺骗就是欺骗。该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；C选项“欺骗很普遍，社会对此太宽容了”，原文第一段第四句提到“欺骗现象（cheating）越来越多”；第三段第一句提到“社会的态度（societys attitudes）在很大程度上导致了欺骗行为的增加”，根据第三段的案例可知，社会对欺骗行为的态度更宽容了。由此推断，作者会同意该选项的观点，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰。第4题:【选项释义】When a person is caught cheating, it is most likely that he _. 当一个人作弊被抓住的时候，他很可能会_。A. pr

42、etends to apologize for what he has done A. 假装为他的所作所为道歉B. pretends that he has no knowledge of what is going on B. 假装不知道发生了什么事C. ascribes his misconduct to some external motivation C. 把他的不当行为归咎于某种外部因素D. denies the fact in fearful anticipation of escaping punishment D. 因为害怕逃避惩罚而否认事实【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题

43、思路】根据题干关键词a person is caught cheating定位到原文第五段。本段第一句提到“欺骗者通常会试图为自己的行为辩护（justify their actions）”，第六句提到的借口中有“考试不公平”。由此可知，被抓到作弊的人会为自己的行为找借口，将其归咎于外部原因。因此，C选项“把他的不当行为归咎于某种外部因素”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“假装为他的所作所为道歉”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“假装不知道发生了什么事”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“因为害怕逃避惩罚而否认事实”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。第5题:【选项释义】Rega

44、rding the future of cheating, the author seems to be _. 关于欺骗的未来，作者似乎是_。A. depressed A. 沮丧的B. optimistic B. 乐观的C. amused C. 觉得好笑的D. bewildered D. 困惑的【答案】B【考查点】观点态度题【解题思路】根据题干关键词the future of cheating定位到原文最后一段。该段提到“尽管作弊现象普遍增加，但Pinkard看到了一些希望（hope）”，“较年轻的学生对欺骗的宽容态度要低得多（a much less tolerant attitude）”以及

45、即将到来的一代没有那么娇生惯养（less spoiled），因此不那么以自我为中心（less self-centered）”。由此推断，作者认为情况将有所好转，欺骗现象将减少，他的态度还是比较乐观的，B选项“乐观的”符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项“沮丧的”，不符合原文，属于无中生有；C选项“觉得好笑的”，不符合原文，属于无中生有；D选项“困惑的”，不符合原文，属于无中生有。10. 单选题People buy insurance in order to substitute a small, certain, tolerable loss for a large, uncertain cata

46、strophic one.问题1选项A.dominateB.exchangeC.inputD.manipulate【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. dominate 支配；控制 B. exchange 交换C. input 投入；输入 D. manipulate 操纵【答案】B【考查点】语义衔接与介词搭配【解题思路】原文语义为“人们购买保险是为了_一个小的、确定的、可以承受的损失为了（for）一个大的、不确定的灾难性损失。”原词substitute A for B“用A代替B”。空格处所填词与介词for搭配，B选项exchange“交换”最符合原文语义衔接与搭配，exchange A for B“用A换B”。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文介词搭配与语义衔接。【句意】人们购买保险是为了用一个小的、确定的、可以承受的损失来代替一个大的、不确定的灾难性损失。11. 单选题People throughout the world are eating _ meat per person as they did in 1950.问题1选项A.more than twiceB.twice much asC.t