2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷64含答案解析.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Some people think that a（ ） translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than afree translation.问题1选项A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal “照原文的，逐字的”；literary “文学的”；liberal “自由的”；linear “直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。2. 单

2、选题It is through learning that the individual（ ） many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquired【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain “保持”；gain “获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve “收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire “获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题The governments（ ） is to mak

3、e up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.问题1选项A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。tariff “关税”；duty “税收”；revenue “税收收入”；tax “税金”。句意：政府的财政收入主要来源于我们的税收。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词

4、义辨析。contaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉思，注视”； complement “补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题The construction of a 5-million-ton iron and steel works is now under（ ） .问题1选项A.conclusionB.contributionC.continuationD.consideration【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conclusion “结论”；contribution “贡献”；contin

5、uation “继续”；consideration “考虑”。句意：目前（相关人员）正在考虑建设一个五万吨级的钢铁厂。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”，although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “

6、situations wanted”，although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”，or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”，is how it is usually expressed. T

7、he growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own righ

8、t.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”，was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for opener

9、s, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, som

10、ething slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”，was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it

11、might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.1.According to the pas

12、sage, the new type of advertisements（ ） .2.Now a demand for this type of service has been created because（ ） .3.In the past it was expected that first job hunters would （ ）.4.When applying for more important jobs, one had better include in the letter（ ） .5.The resume has become so important because

13、 ）.问题1选项A.informs job hunters of the chances availableB.promises useful advice to job-huntersC.divides available jobs into various typesD.informs employers that people are available for work问题2选项A.there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB.there are so many top-level jobs availableC.the

14、re are so many people out of workD.the job history is considered to be a work of art问题3选项A.write an initial letter giving their life historyB.pass some exams before applying for a jobC.have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD.keep any detailed information until they obtained a

15、n interview问题4选项A.something attractive in ones applicationB.a personal opinion about the organization one wanted to joinC.something that would offend its readerD.a lie that one could easily get away with telling问题5选项A.of an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB.of an increase in the number of a

16、pplicants which degreesC.of much more complicatedness of jobs todayD.it is less complicated than other application processes【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.文章第二段第一句contact us before writing your application”，or “make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history提到这个

17、广告的内容是“在写求职信之前联系我们” “我们的经验能够帮你更好地准备你的简历”可知这个广告主要是给那些求职者服务，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment提到了这种服务存在的原因是由于现在的高失业率。所以选项C符合题意。3.文章第三段the letter was really just for openers, it was exp

18、lained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview 提到对于刚毕业出来找第一份工作求职来说求职信只是第一句，信中除了一些基本信息不需要透露太多，剩下的等获得面试资格再说。选项D符合题意。4.第四段前两句later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would disti

19、nguish you from the rest提到当你要去找更重要的工作时，求职信中需要写上一些你与其他人相比有何独到之处。选项A符合题意。5.最后一段提到越来越多的大学生求职者使得个人简历显得很重要，所以选项B符合题意。7. 翻译题It is simple enough to say that since books have classes- fiction, biography, poetry-we should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Yet few people

20、 ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such

21、 preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve, and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. Bu

22、t if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist, and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that

23、your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你

24、敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。8. 单选题Some people think that a （ ）translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free translation.问题1选项A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal “照原文的，逐字的”；lite

25、rary “文学的”；liberal “自由的”；linear “直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题We were pleased to note that the early delivery didnt （ ） to the traffic jam of thebusy city.问题1选项A.aidB.amountC.addD.attribute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。aid “援助，帮助”；amount “总计，合计”；add “增加”；attribute “归属，把归于”。句意：我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添

26、交通拥堵。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题There are several landladies approved by the university who take in （ ）.问题1选项A.settlersB.lodgersC.residentsD.inhabitants【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Settler “移居者”；lodger “房客”；resident “居民”；inhabitant “居民”。句意：大学批准了几位女房东接受房客。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题After four years in the same job his enthusiasm final

27、ly（ ） .问题1选项A.deterioratedB.dissipatedC.dispersedD.drained【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deteriorate “恶化”；dissipate “浪费”；disperse “分散”；drain“排水；耗尽”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他对工作的热情慢慢耗尽了。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题Beijing is a（ ） city, and still more people are pouring in.问题1选项A.popularB.populateC.populaceD.populous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

28、popular “受欢迎的”；populate “居住于”，是动词；populace “大众，平民”；populous “人口多的”。句意：北京是一座人口稠密的城市，仍然还有很多人涌入。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题The word conservation has a thrifty （节俭）meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our foref

29、athers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the compli

30、cated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still c

31、heap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands, soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-terms climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.Fo

32、r the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life. To know about the water table （水位）in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic ar

33、ithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds （上游源头森林地带集水区）need to the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as wel

34、l as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of mans fellow creatures on this planet is figured out only in square measure of surface but also in cubit volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the origin

35、al beauty of nature as we can.1.The authors attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is（ ） .2.According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that（ ） .3.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didnt realize（ ） .

36、4.To avoid correcting the mistake of our forefathers, the author suggests that （ ）.5.Whats the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.positiveB.neutralC.suspiciousD.critical问题2选项A.they had no idea about scientific forestryB.they had little or no sense of environmental protectionC.they were not aware of t

37、he significance of nature studyD.they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials问题3选项A.the interdependence of water, soil, and living thingsB.the importance of the proper use of landC.the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floodsD.the value of the beauty of nature问题4选项A.we plant mor

38、e treesB.natural science be taught to everybodyC.environmental education be directed toward everyoneD.we return to nature问题5选项A.Our Forefathers Big MistakeB.Improve the Living ConditionsC.Protection of Our ResourcesD.Lead a Simple Life【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第三句most of them, even unt

39、il very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible” 提到很多人直到现在还愚蠢地以为那些资源是取之不尽用之不竭的，从 foolish这个单词可知作者对此持批判态度。选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段主要讲述由于几十年前林业科学还是一门没有普及的学科，使得我们的祖先们没有好好保护环境。四个选项中，A, C, D三个选项可以归纳为当时的人还没有环保意识，所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段最后一句话In brief, it should be our goal to r

40、estore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can 提到我们应该把保存自然原始的美作为目标，由此推断我们的祖先当时没有把这个当成目标，选项D符合题意。4.文章最后一段使用了多次 we need to know, we need to be taught 等，可知作者提倡使用教育的方法来提高人们的科学知识。选项B符合题意。5.文章反复强调 conserve, conservation 这两个词，可知作者所要表达的中心思想便是保护环境资源。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题A most （ ）argument about who shou

41、ld go and fetch the bread from the kitchen wasgoing on when I came in.问题1选项A.trivialB.delicateC.minorD.miniature【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。trivial “不重要的，琐碎的”；delicate “微妙的，精美的”；minor “次要的，较小的”；miniature “微型的，小规模的”。句意：当我进来的时候，一场极琐碎的就谁应该去鸡的面前捡回面包的争吵正在进行。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题The long years of food shortage in this c

42、ountry have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing (定量供应)is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, w

43、hen there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpec

44、tedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britains overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this c

45、ountry has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreo

46、ver, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be en

47、abled to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation has seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 5