2022年考博英语-暨南大学考前拔高综合测试题含答案带详解第168期.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-暨南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their（ ）cooperation.问题1选项A.ethicalB.bilateralC.mandatoryD.subsidiary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ethical“伦理的，道德的”；bilateral“双边的”；mandatory “强制的”；subsidiary“附属的”，由delegate“代表团”与cooperation“合作”一词可知此处应该选择形容

2、词bilateral，表示两国之间的合作。句意：这两个代表团就如何加强合作进行了深入的交流。故正确答案为选项B。2. 不定项选择题The development of jazz can be seen as part of the larger continuum of American popular music, especially dance music. In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century, a

3、nd as would rhythm and blues in the fifties, rock in the fifties, and disco in the seventies. But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is improvisation, the changing of a musical phrase according to the players inspiration. Like all artists, jazz musicians strive fo

4、r an individual style, and the improvised or paraphrased is a jazz musicians main opportunity to display his or her individuality. In early jazz, musicians often improvised melodies collectively, thus creating a kind of polyphony. There was little soloing as such, although some New Orleans players,

5、particularly comet player Buddy Bolden, achieved local fame for their ability to improvise a solo. Later the idea of the chorus-long or multicourse solo took hold. Louis Armstrongs instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through extended solos, was a major influence in this development.Even in the ear

6、ly twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists. Similarly, show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such “get-off” musicians. Unimproved, completely structured jazz does exist, but the ability of the best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty du

7、ring performance has been a hallmark of the music and its major source of inspiration and change. The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially called “hot” and later “swing”. In playing hot, a musician consciously departs from strict meter to create a relax

8、ed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes the underlying rhythms. (“Rough” tone and use of moderate vibrato also contributed to a hot sound.) Not all jazz is hot, however, many early bands played unadorned published arrangements of popular songs. Still, the proclivity to play hot distinguished the j

9、azz musician from other instrumentalists.1. The passage answers which of the following questions?2. According to the passage, jazz musicians are able to demonstrate their individual artistry mainly by?3. Which of the following was the function of “get-off” musicians?4. The word “unadorned” is closes

10、t in meaning to（ ）.5. The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of（ ）.问题1选项A.Which early jazz musicians most influenced rhythm and blues music?B.What are the differences between jazz and other forms of music?C.Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?D.What

11、 instruments comprised a typical jazz band of the 1920s?问题2选项A.creating musical variations while performingB.preparing musical arrangementsC.reading music with great skillD.being able to play all types of popular music问题3选项A.Assist the other band members in packing up after a performance.B.Teach dan

12、ce routines created for new music.C.Lead the band.D.Provide solo performances in a band or orchestra.问题4选项A.lovelyB.plainC.disorganizedD.inexpensive问题5选项A.dividing the discussion into two major areasB.presenting contrasting points of viewC.providing biographies of famous musicianD.describing histori

13、cal events in sequence【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is “有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个特点展开，由此可知B选项 “爵士音乐与其他形式的音乐最大的区别是什么”符合文章大意，A选项“哪位早期的爵士乐手对节奏和蓝调音乐影响最大”，并没有谈论很多乐手；C选项“为什么美国的舞蹈和音乐的

14、联系那么密切”，文章没有谈及美国的舞蹈，只开始一句带过；D选项“什么乐器组成了19世纪20年代最典型的爵士乐队”，乐器方面也并未过多说明。因此B选项正确。第2题:事实细节题。文章第一段提到Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an individual style, and the improvised or paraphrased is a jazz musicians main opportunity to display his or her individuality. 和所有的艺术家一样，爵士音乐家追求自己独特的风格，即兴创作或意译是

15、爵士音乐家展示自己个性的主要机会。A选项“在表演时创造音乐的变化”与原文意思相同； B选项“准备音乐改编”，不是准备好的音乐，而是即兴的；C选项“有技巧的阅读音乐”并未提及；选项D“能够演奏所有类型的流行音乐”也不对。因此A选项正确。第3题:判断推理题。结合文章第二段Even in the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists. Similarly, show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such “get-off” mus

16、icians.“即使在二十世纪初，一些爵士乐队也有独唱的特色。类似地，表演乐团和嘉年华乐队通常也会有一两个这样的“get-off”音乐家。”可知，“get-off”音乐家的功能是独唱。A选项“演出结束后，协助其他乐队成员收拾行装”并未涉及；B选项“教新音乐的舞蹈动作”，文中只提到独唱并没有说舞蹈动作；C选项“领导乐队”与原文不符；D选项“在乐队或管弦乐队中提供独奏表演”与原文提到的独唱特色相对应。因此D选项正确。第4题:词义推测题。由unadorned这个词定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话Not all jazz is hot, however, many early bands played u

17、nadorned published arrangements of popular songs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士乐都是热门的，许多早期的乐队演奏的是未经修饰的已出版的流行歌曲。”由此可知，unadorned的意思为“未经修饰的，朴素的”。A选项“可爱的”意思不同；B选项“平的，普通的，朴素的”与之意思一致；C选项“紊乱的”错误；D选项“便宜的”可排除。因此B选项符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。结合51题内容，文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. T

18、he first is“有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个特点展开叙述，所以这篇文章的主题主要是通过分开表述爵士乐区分其他音乐的两个特点展开的。A选项“把讨论分成两个主要部分”符合题意；B选项“提出相反的观点”，原文没有提出其他相反观点，B错误；C选项“提供著名音乐家的传记”，文中没有涉及音乐人物传记；D选项“按顺序描述历史事件”文章并未叙述历史事件，可以排除。因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题The essay lacks（ ）as the writer keeps jumping from one subject to another.问题1选项A.s

19、ubsistenceB.pregnancyC.fertilityD.coherence【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项subsistence“生活，生存”；B选项pregnancy“怀孕”；C选项fertility“富饶，生育率”；D选项coherence“一致，连贯性”。句意：这篇文章缺少连贯性，因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题上去。由空格后的as the writer keeps jumping for one subject to another（因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题）可知D选项与其意思对应。因此D选项符合题意。4. 不定项选择题There is nothing

20、 that man fears more than the touch of the unknown. He wants to see what is reaching towards him, and to be able to recognize or at least classify it. Man always tends to avoid physical contact with anything strange. Even in sleep, when he is far more unguarded, he can all too easily be disturbed by

21、 a touch.All the distances which men create round themselves are dictated by this fear. They shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the darkness. The fear of being touched remains with us when we

22、 go about among people; the way we move in a busy street, in restaurants, trains or buses, is governed by it. Even when we are standing next to them and are able to watch and examine them closely, we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone; a

23、nd then it is we who make the approach.It is only in a crowd that man can become free of this fear of being touched. That is the only situation in which the fear changes into its opposite. The crowd he needs is the dense crowd, in which body is pressed to body; a crowd, too, whose physical constitut

24、ion is also dense, or compact, so that he no longer notices who it is that presses against him. As soon as a man has surrendered himself to the crowd he ceases to fear its touch.Ideally all are equal there; no distinctions count, not even that of sex. The man pressed against him is the same as himse

25、lf. He feels him as he feels himself. Suddenly it is as though everything were happening in one and the same body. This is perhaps one of the reasons why a crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wants to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched. The more fiercely peo

26、ple press together, the more certain they feel that they do not fear each other. This reversal of the fear of being touched belongs to the nature of crowds. The feeling of relief is most striking where the density of the crowd is greatest.1. People fear burglars because（ ）.2. In public, according to

27、 the author, we（ ）.3. Which is the possible meaning of the phrase “make the approach” in Paragraph 3?4. The way we feel when in a crowd is presented as a(n) （ ）.5. Once formed, crowds always tend to（ ）.问题1选项A.they arrive suddenly and unexpectedlyB.they grab you in the darkC.they take away your most

28、treasured personal possessionsD.they attack people in the assumed safety of their home问题2选项A.always avoid contact with peopleB.do not object to someone attractive touching usC.feel very uneasyD.try not to be touched问题3选项A.run awayB.make ones wayC.lay out the roadD.try to get nearer问题4选项A.absurdityB.

29、logical conclusionC.oppositeD.paradox问题5选项A.become uncomfortableB.contractC.expandD.split up【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:判断推理题。文中第一句话There is nothing that man fears more than the touch of the unknown.“没有什么比接触未知更让人害怕的了。”以及第二段第二句They shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, not only t

30、he fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the darkness.“他们把自己关在一所不让人进去的房子里，不仅怕被抢劫，而且也怕突然地、意外地从黑暗中钻出来。”有提到，人们害怕未知事物是因为怕黑暗中的突然意外。A选项“他们来得突然，出乎意料”这是窃贼的特点，但不是人们害怕的理由；B选项“他们在黑暗中抓住你”，跟原文表达的意思是一样的；C选项“它们会带走你最珍贵的个人财产”文中有提及，但表示深层原因；D选项“他们在人们认为安全的家里攻击他们”跟“黑暗中被抓住”意思有出入

31、因此B选项符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。文章第二段提到we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone“我们尽量避免实际接触。如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了”，由此可知，在公共场合，作者认为我们不反对有吸引力的人对我们的碰触，所以B选项符合题意。A选项“总是避免与人接触”跟原文表述“尽量避免与人接触”还是有区别的，前者有些绝对化，人多的时候我们不可能避免接触，只是说尽量；C选项“感到十分不安”，文中没有提到关于心情方面；D选项“尽

32、量不要被碰”也是比较绝对的说法。因此B选项正确。第3题:语义推测题。由题意定位到文章第二段If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone; and then it is we who make the approach.“如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了；然后是我们来采取行动。”由此可知，make the approach意为“采取措施，采取行动”。A选项“逃跑”意思不对；B选项“让路，行走”也不符合题意；C选项“铺设道路”可排除；D选项“试着靠近”与approach（靠近）意思一致，比较符合题意。因

33、此D选项正确。第4题:判断推理题。由题干定位到文章第三段It is only in a crowd that man can become free of this fear of being touched. That is the only situation in which the fear changes into its opposite.“只有在人群中，人们才能摆脱被触碰的恐惧。只有在这种情况下，恐惧才会变成与之相反的。”后面还给出了相应的合理解释。由此可知，我们在人群中一般的感受是合理的。B选项“合乎逻辑的结论”符合题意；A选项“荒谬，谬论”与题意相反；C选项“相反的”并不是原

34、文要表达的意思；D选项“悖论”不合题意可排除。因此B选项正确。第5题:判断推理题。结合文章最后一段This is perhaps one of the reasons why a crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wants to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched.“这也许是群体慢慢向他自己靠拢的原因之一：它希望尽可能彻底地消除每个个体对被触碰的恐惧。”意思是人群多了，每个人所占据的空间就相应地缩小了，也就向自己越靠越紧了。B选项cont

35、ract“收缩”符合题意。A选项“变得不舒服”，由最后一句话可知该选项意思不对；C选项“扩张”与题意正好相反；D选项“分开”文中未提及可排除。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题What the film company needs is an actor who can take on any kinds of（ ）roles.问题1选项A.diverseB.versatileC.variableD.changeable【答案】A【解析】本题考查了形容词辨析。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”；versatile“多才多艺的”；variable“变化的；可变的”；changeable“易变的；可变

36、的”，根据题意可推知电影公司需要的是能够扮演不同角色的演员，四个选项中能够表示“不同的，多样的”只有diverse，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：这家电影公司需要的是一个能担当各种不同角色的演员。6. 不定项选择题Great emotional and intellectual resources are demanded in quarrels; stamina helps, as does a capacity for obsession. But no one is born a good quarreler; the craft must be learned.There are two

37、 generally recognized apprenticeships. First, and universally preferred, is a long childhood spent in the company of fractious siblings. After several years of rainy afternoons, brothers and sisters develop a sure feel for the tactics of attrition and the niceties of strategy so necessary in first-r

38、ate quarrelling.The only child, or the child of peaceful or repressed households, is likely to grow up failing to understand that quarrels, unlike arguments, are not about anything least of all the pursuit of truth. The apparent subject of a quarrel is a mere pretext; the real business is the quarre

39、l itself.Essentially, adversaries in a quarrel are out to establish or rescue their dignity. I fence the elementary principle: anything may be said. The unschooled, probably no less quarrelsome by inclination than anyone else, may spend an hour with knocking heart, sifting the consequences of roilin

40、g this old acquaintance a lying fraud. Too late! With a cheerful wave the old acquaintance has left the room.Those who miss their first apprenticeship may care to enroll in the second, the bad marriage. This can be perilous for the neophyte; the mutual intimacy of spouses makes them at once more vul

41、nerable and more dangerous in attack. Once sex is involved, the stakes are higher all round.And there is an unspoken rule that those who love, or have loved, one another are granted a license for unlimited beastliness such as is denied to mere sworn enemies. For all that, some of our most tenacious

42、black belt quarrelers have come to it late in fife and mastered every throw, from the Crushing Silence to the Gloating Apology, in less than ten years of marriage.A quarrel may last years. Among brooding types Kith time on their hands, like writers, half a lifetime is not uncommon. In its most refin

43、ed form, a quarrel may consist of the participants not talking to each other. They will need to scheme laboriously to appear in public together to register their silence.Brief, violent quarrels are also known as rows. In all cases the essential ingredient remains the same; the original cause must be

44、 forgotten as soon as possible. From here on, dignity, pride, self-esteem, honor ate the crucial issues, which is why quarrelling like jealousy, is an all-consuming business, virtually a profession. For the quarrelers very self-hood is on the fine. To lose an argument is a brief disappointment, much

45、 like losing a game of tennis; but to be crushed in a quarrel. rather bite off your tongue and spread it at your opponents feet.1. Unschooled quarrelers are said to be at a disadvantage because（ ）.2. According to the writer, quarrels between married couples may be（ ）.3. When quarrelling both childre

46、n and married couples may, according to the writer（ ）.4. The difference between a quarrel and an argument is said to be that（ ）.5. In the passage as a whole, the writer treats quarrelling as if it were（ ）.问题1选项A.their insults fail to offend their opponentB.they reveal their nervousness to their oppo

47、nentC.they suffer from remorse for what theyve saidD.they are apprehensive about speaking their minds问题2选项A.physically violentB.extremely bitterC.essentially trivialD.sincerely regretted问题3选项A.be particularly brutalB.use politeness as a weaponC.employ skillful maneuversD.exaggerate their feelings问题4选项A.the former involves individual egosB.the former concerns strong points of viewC.the latter has well-established milesD.the latter concerns trivial issues问题5选项A.a military campaignB.a social skillC.a moral evil