2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库难点易错点剖析附答案有详解27.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The emphasis on examinations is by far the（ ）worst form of competition in schools.问题1选项A.negligentB.edibleC.fabulousD.disproportionate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible “可食用的”；fabulous “难以置信的；极好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根据句子意思可知此处应该填一个形容词，并且是表示贬义的形容

2、词来形容“强调考试”这种糟糕的竞赛方式，分析四个选项，只有disproportionate最恰当。句意：对考试的强调是目前学校里面最不合理竞赛方式。故正确答案为选项D。2. 单选题The drug store at the corner of our street sells aspirins and（ ）penicillin prescriptions.问题1选项A.dispensesB.disposesC.dispersesD.dispatches【答案】A【解析】考查同形词义辨析。dispenses“分配；分发”；disposes“处理；安排”；disperses “分散；使散开”；di

3、spatches“派遣；分派”，此句中and一词连接了两个动作，所以此处要填的动词应该与sells是对应的，按照常识，药店除了会卖药之外，也会分发一些药品，所以此处应该选择一个表示“分发”的动词。句意：在我们这条街街角处有一个药店售卖阿司匹林并且青霉素的处方。因此可知A选项正确。3. 单选题On many occasions, we tend to interpret the actions of children（ ）our own experience as an adult.问题1选项A.for the sake ofB.on behalf ofC.in terms ofD.in acc

4、ordance with【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语。A选项for the sake of“为了”；B选项on behalf of“代表”；C选项in terms of“依据，在方面”；D选项in accordance with“与一致”。句意：在很多时候，我们倾向于依据自己作为一个成年人的经验来解释孩子的行为。根据空格前后的句意关系，只有C选项in terms of“依据，在方面”符合句意，其他选项意思不对。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that（ ）we had to stop for refre

5、shments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。at large“详尽的；整个的”；at ease“安逸”；at random“任意的”；at intervals“不时”，根据句子意思可知此处应该选一个词组来形容我们停下来提神的频率，四个选项中只有at intervals符合，故正确答案为选项D。句意：这场讨论无比冗长又使人疲累，以至于我们必须的停下来提神。因此选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Congress recognized the more money for better education

6、 and job training is（ ）to competitiveness.问题1选项A.adaptableB.applicableC.crucialD.cryst【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项adaptable“适合的，可修改的”；B选项applicable “可应用的，合适的”；C选项crucial“重要的”；D选项cryst“结晶的”。句意：国会意识到，为改善教育和职业培训提供更多资金对提高竞争力至关重要。本句表示“提供资金给教育和职业培训对竞争力的作用”，经济基础决定上层建筑，一般都有很重要的作用，C选项crucial“重要的”符合句意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题O

7、ne can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（ ）to expressed thoughts.问题1选项A.dilemmasB.countenancesC.concessionsD.junctions【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dilemmas “困境”；countenances “面容；表情”；concessions “让步；特权”；junctions“连接”，根据句子结构可知此处要填的名词与eyes是并列的，四个选项中只有co

8、untenances能够与eyes并列并表达出符合逻辑的句子意思。句意：人们可以通过观察别人眼睛和快速的反映或表情来更好的了解对方。因此选项B为正确答案。7. 单选题If the work-force respected you, you wouldnt need to（ ）your authority so often.问题1选项A.affirmB.restrainC.assertD.maintain【答案】C【解析】本题考查动词辨析题。affirm“断言；肯定”；restrain“抑制”；assert“声称；坚持；维护”；maintain“保持”，根据respected“尊重”可知此处对应

9、的是“维护权威”，表示维护权威或者捍卫权威是要用动词assert，故正确答案为选项C。句意为：如果工人们尊重你，你就不需要总是维护你的权威。8. 单选题We had a marvelous holiday; only the last two days was slightly（ ）by weather.问题1选项A.damagedB.enhancedC.spoiledD.diminished【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。damaged“破坏”；enhanced“提高；加强”；spoiled“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏”；diminished“减少；缩小”，根据句子前后的转折可知此处想表达的是最后两天

10、受到了天气的不好影响，被破坏了，所以此处应该从damaged与spoiled 两个中间选择，damage主要是指事物的价值或功能部分受损，spoil除了有溺爱、宠坏、破坏的意思外，还指事物完整性、完美性或者整体感受的破坏，此处表达的是最后两天由于坏的天气的影响，使其完美性遭到破坏，所以应该用spoil。句意：我们度过了一个十分愉快的假期，只有最后两天稍微被天气了。故正确答案为选项C。9. 不定项选择题Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so

11、 well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to satisfy in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is mistaken in this; it shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, whi

12、ch is essentially what is called good sense or reason, is by nature equal in all men, and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better endowed with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things, for it is not e

13、nough to have a good mind: what is most important is to apply it rightly. The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can advance much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray.For my part, I have never presumed my mind

14、 to be more perfect than average in anyway. I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my memory as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the perfection of the mind;

15、 for as to reason, or good sense, inasmuch as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of us, and to follow in the common opinion of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the

16、 accidents, and not among the forms, or natures, or the individuals of a single species.11. According to the author, the three elements that comprise the perfect mind are（ ）.A. tenacity of thought, capacious memory, quickness of mindB. precise imagination, tenacity of memory, quickness of mindC. qui

17、ckness of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thoughtD. promptness of memory, distinctness of imagination, quickness of thought12. The basic idea of the first paragraph may be stated as follows:（ ）.A. all persons have an equal portion of good will when they are bornB. great souls are capable of gr

18、eat evilC. good sense, in terms of its distribution among persons, may be called common senseD. good sense is the mark of the truly good person13. About himself the author states that what sets human beings apart from beasts is（ ）.A. he had always sensed his mental superiority over most personsB. hi

19、s awareness of his mental superiority over other was something that grew slowly with experienceC. he actually regards his own mental faculties as inferior in many ways to those of the great majority of personsD. he has never had the feeling that his mind was more perfect than average in any way14. T

20、he author claims that what sets human beings apart from beasts is（ ）.A. a sense of organization combined with the ability to createB. the ability to adapt to the surroundingsC. a sense of reason coupled with a strong sense of practicalityD. a sense of reason15. According to the author, the ability t

21、o distinguish between the true and the false is（ ）.A. endowed by nature to all creaturesB. endowed in equal measure to all personsC. more heavily present in some persons than in othersD. an unnatural, cultivated trait in all persons问题1选项A.tenacity of thought, capacious memory, quickness of mindB.pre

22、cise imagination, tenacity of memory, quickness of mindC.quickness of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thoughtD.promptness of memory, distinctness of imagination, quickness of thought问题2选项A.all persons have an equal portion of good will when they are bornB.great souls are capable of great evilC

23、good sense, in terms of its distribution among persons, may be called common senseD.good sense is the mark of the truly good person问题3选项A.he had always sensed his mental superiority over most personsB.his awareness of his mental superiority over other was something that grew slowly with experienceC

24、he actually regards his own mental faculties as inferior in many ways to those of the great majority of personsD.he has never had the feeling that his mind was more perfect than average in any way问题4选项A.a sense of organization combined with the ability to createB.the ability to adapt to the surroun

25、dingsC.a sense of reason coupled with a strong sense of practicalityD.a sense of reason问题5选项A.endowed by nature to all creaturesB.endowed in equal measure to all personsC.more heavily present in some persons than in othersD.an unnatural, cultivated trait in all persons【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解

26、析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段开头可知，“我”从未认为自己的理智比一般人更完美，由此可推断接下来作者将介绍完美理智的特点。由I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my memory as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men（事实上，我常常希望我的思想能像别人那样敏捷，我的想象力能像别人那样精确而清晰，我的记忆力能像别人那样丰富而迅速）可以推断，作者认为完

27、美的理智需要的是敏捷的思维、精确清晰的想象力和快速的记忆力，因此D选项符合题意。第2题:主旨大意题。第一段介绍了人们的理智是by nature equal in all men（天生就是平等的），之所以意见不一致，是因为思维方向不同，因此A选项“人生来就有着同样的善意”符合题意。第3题:事实细节题。由文章第二段第一句For my part, I have never presumed my mind to be more perfect than average in anyway（就我而言，我从来没有认为我的头脑比一般人更完美）可知D选项“他从未觉得自己的头脑比一般人更完美”符合题意。第4题

28、事实细节题。由第二段第三句中的for as to reason, or good sense, inasmuch as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts（因为只有理智才能使我们成为人，才能使我们区别于野兽）可知D选项“理智”正确。第5题:事实细节题。由文章第一段第二句中的the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or reas

29、on, is by nature equal in all men（人们辨别是非的能力，就其本质而言即理性，天生就是平等的）可知B选项“被平等地赋予所有人”正确。10. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。o

30、bsolete “陈旧的，过时的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激进的”；harmonious“和谐的”；amiable“亲切的；友好的”，此处应该选择一个形容词来修饰“爱国主义”，这种爱国主义与国际体育中倡导的国家之间的友谊是相对的，故此处最恰当的形容词是aggressive。句意：国际体育应该增进两国之间的友谊，但是目前的奥林匹克组织在某种程度上倡导爱国主义。故正确答案为选项B。11. 单选题He was（ ）when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.问题1选项A.incredibleB.ine

31、vitableC.incredulousD.indifferent【答案】C【解析】考查同形词辨析。incredible“难以置信的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；incredulous “怀疑的，不轻信的”；indifferent“冷漠的”，根据I finally convinced him“我最终说服了他”可知此处表达的意思是他刚开始听到消息的时候是不相信的，所以此处应该使用形容词incredulous，incredible是形容事物难以使人相信，而不是形容人。句意：当他听到那个意外的消息时是，但是我最终还是说服了他。故正确答案为选项C。12. 翻译题Direction: Tran

32、slate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.Once an employee wants to work abroad he must have a clear mind that his success and expertise home do not mean he can continue his excellence at his overseas branch because of the cultural environment as well as his adaptability.

33、 Thinking difference instead of professional experience plays an important role for U.S. business people success at foreign market. Values, attitude, and buying preference and their related information have to be adapted and altered from top management to average workers in the course of tapping for

34、eign markets. For international business, the firms in U.S. have to redetermine their marketing strategy and tactics which generally contrary to what they have done at their home markets based on their knowledge of the targeting countries culture context. American business persons have to understand

35、 that cultural variable influence international business enterprises so they are required to place highly priority to communicate with the foreign people for mutual understanding besides their business activities.【答案】如果一名员工想出国工作，他必须要弄清楚的是，由于文化环境的差异和他自身适应能力的影响，他在国内的成功和专业并不能保证他能在国外的分公司也一样的表现优秀。在国外市场上，

36、美国商务人员的成功取决于思维差异而不是专业经验。在开发国外市场的进程中，价值观、态度和购买偏好以及与这些相关的信息从高层主管到普通职工之间不尽相同，需要我们去适应。在国际商务中，美国的企业需要根据他们对目标国文化的了解来重新调整他们的市场策略与战术，这些战略经常会与他们在国内市场采用的相反。美国的商人必须了解文化差异对国际企业的影响，所以他们需要高度重视与外国朋友在商业活动外的交流，以促进相互理解。13. 不定项选择题For the past two years, I have been working on students evaluation of classroom teaching.

37、 I have kept a record of informal conversation（1）some 300 students from at（2）twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally（3）and direct in their comments（4）how course work would be better（5）. Most of their remarks were kindly（6）with tolerance rather than bitternessand frequently

38、were softened by the（7）that the students were speaking（8）some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless,（9）the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel（10）with things-as-they are in the classroom. Professors should be（11）from reading lecture notes. “It makes their（12）monotonous”.If they

39、are going to read, why not（13）out copies of the lecture? Then we（14）need to go to class. Professors should（15）repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “（16）weve read the material, we want to（17）it or hear it elaborated on,（18）repeated” “A lot of students hate to buy a（19）text that the

40、 professor has written（20）to have his lectures repeat it.”问题1选项A.countingB.coveringC.figuringD.involving问题2选项A.bestB.lengthC.leastD.large问题3选项A.frankB.hard-workingC.politeD.reserved问题4选项A.atB.onC.ofD.over问题5选项A.describedB.addressedC.takenD.received问题6选项A.purchaseB.chaseC.satisfyD.follow问题7选项A.factB.

41、occasionC.caseD.truth问题8选项A.atB.withC.onD.about问题9选项A.ifB.thoughC.asD.whether问题10选项A.satisfactoryB.unsatisfactoryC.satisfiedD.dissatisfied问题11选项A.interferedB.discouragedC.disturbedD.interrupted问题12选项A.soundsB.pronunciationC.voicesD.gestures问题13选项A.holdB.giveC.dropD.leave问题14选项A.mustntB.shouldntC.cou

42、ldntD.wouldnt问题15选项A.avoidB.preventC.refuseD.prohibit问题16选项A.UntilB.UnlessC.OnceD.However问题17选项A.keepB.discussC.argueD.remember问题18选项A.notB.orC.andD.yet问题19选项A.desiredB.requiredC.revisedD.deserved问题20选项A.butB.howC.onlyD.about【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:D第9题:C第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:B第1

43、4题:B第15题:A第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:B第20题:C【解析】第1题:考查动词辨析。A选项counting“计数”；B选项covering“覆盖，占据”；C选项figuring“计算”；D选项involving“包括，涉及”。根据空格前后句意：记录了大约300名学生的非正式谈话，可知人数是包括或者说涉及到300学生，D选项involving“包括，涉及”符合句意。因此D选项正确。第2题:考查动词固定搭配。A选项at best“最好”；B选项at length“终于，详细地”；C选项at least“至少”；D选项at large“一般”。句意：来自至少21所院校的30

44、0个学生。结合上题可知此处C选项at least“至少”符合句意。因此C选项正确。第3题:考查形容词辨析。A选项frank“坦白的，直率的”；B选项hard-working“勤勉的”；C选项polite“礼貌的”；D选项reserved“保留的，预定的”。句意：学生一般评论都很直接和。空格后的and这个词表示并列，那么and前后的两个词应该是词性和意思都比较相近的，结合每个选项可知此处A选项frank“坦白的，直率的”坦率直言符合句意。因此A选项正确。第4题:考查介词搭配。本题中出现了comments，一般与之搭配的介词是on，固定搭配comment on“对评论”。此处意指学生对课程的评论。

45、因此B选项正确。第5题:考查动词辨析。根据句意，此处为被动语态，A选项described“被描述”；B选项addressed“被解决”；C选项taken“被拿走，被采取”；D选项received“被接受”。本句的主语是students学生，学生对课程发表意见，讨论课程该怎么上才能更好地被理解接受。因此D选项正确。第6题:考查动词辨析。A选项purchase“购买”；B选项chase“追逐”；C选项satisfy“满足”；D选项follow“追随”。句意：学生的大多数评论都被。根据后一句补充的with tolerance rather than bitterness提示，学生的建议应该是被满足采纳了的。因此C选项符合句意。第7题:考查固定搭配。A选项fact“事实”；B选项occasion“时机，场合”；C选项case“情况，案例”；D选项truth“真理，事实”。题干中搭配的介词是by，A、B和D选项没有这个搭配，搭配的介词一般都是in，而C选项by the case“在情况下”正好符合句意（某些评论被弱化了）。因此C选项正确。第8题:考查介词辨析。题干中