2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库难点易错点剖析附答案有详解42.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题An international treaty signed several years ago bans trade in plants and animals of enlarged species.问题1选项A.promotesB.protectsC.forbidsD.eliminates【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. promotes 促进 B. protects 保护C. forbids 禁止 D. eliminates 消除【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】ban的主语是国际条约，宾语是更多物种的动

2、植物贸易，原词ban“禁止，取缔”，C选项forbids“禁止”与原词最接近。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项与原词词义不相近。【句意】几年前签署的一项国际条约禁止更多物种的动植物贸易。2. 单选题In Mr. Allens high school class, all the students have to “get married”. However, the wedding ceremonies are not real ones but _31_. There mock ceremonies sometimes become so _32_ that the loud laughter

3、drowns out the voice of the “minister”. Even the two students getting married often begin to giggle.The teacher Mr. Allen, believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business. He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that _33_ take place after marriage. He believes that

4、 the need for these psychological and financial _34_ should be understood before people marry.Mr. Allen doesnt only introduce his students to major problems _35_ in marriage such as illness or unemployment. He also exposes them to nitty-gritty problems they will face every day. He wants to introduce

5、 young people to all the trials and _36_ that can strain a marriage to the breaking point. He even _37_ his students with the problems of divorce and the fact that divorced men must pay child support money for their children and sometimes pay monthly alimony to their wives.It has been upsetting for

6、some of the students to see the problems that a married couple often faces. _38_ they took the course, they had not worried much about the problems of marriage. However, both students and parents feel that Mr. Allens course is valuable and have _39_ course publicly. Their statements and letters supp

7、orting the class have _40_ the school to offer the course again.问题1选项A.imitationsB.duplicationsC.assumptionD.fantasies问题2选项A.noisyB.artificialC.gracefulD.real问题3选项A.wouldB.mightC.mustD.need问题4选项A.issuesB.adjustmentsC.mattersD.expectancies问题5选项A.to faceB.facingC.having facedD.faced问题6选项A.verdictsB.er

8、rorsC.triumphsD.tribulations问题7选项A.familiarizesB.concernsC.informsD.associates问题8选项A.BeforeB.UntilC.AfterD.As问题9选项A.takenB.endorsedC.suggestedD.reproached问题10选项A.confinedB.convincedC.compromisedD.conceived【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:A第8题:B第9题:B第10题:B【解析】31. 【选项释义】A. imitations 模仿 B. duplic

9、ations 重复C. assumption 假设 D. fantasies 幻想【考查点】句间逻辑与名词辨析【解题思路】空格处前的连词为表示转折关系的but，而but前的内容为“不是真的婚礼（not real ones）”，由此推测，空格处的内容为“假的婚礼”。并且前文提到“在艾伦先生的高中班上，所有的学生都要结婚”，此处结婚带了引号，因此推断该老师应该是让学生在课堂上模拟现实的婚礼；后文“模拟仪式（mock ceremonies）”也提示这是模拟的婚礼仪式。因此，A选项imitations“模仿”符合原文逻辑。【干扰项排除】B选项duplications 重复；C选项assumption

10、假设；D选项fantasies 幻想，指想象中的，并不会出现在现实中，而原文是学生们会在现实中模仿。【句意】然而，婚礼并不是真实的，而是模仿的。32. 【选项释义】A. noisy 吵闹的 B. artificial 假的C. graceful 优雅的 D. real 真实的【考查点】句间逻辑【解题思路】由“so that”可知，后文“大声的笑声淹没了司仪的声音”是前者“模拟仪式有时变得如此_”的结果，由此推断，A选项noisy“吵闹的”符合原文逻辑。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文逻辑。【句意】在这个模拟仪式上，有时非常吵闹以至于大声的笑声淹没了“司仪”的声音。33. 【选项释义】A.

11、 would 将会 B. might 可能C. must 必须，一定 D. need 需要【考查点】情态动词【解题思路】空格处的词修饰“发生”，本题应该根据变化会发生的可能性程度来选择相应的情态动词。后文“这些心理和财政_的必要性（the need for）应该被了解”，need在作名词时，指“必要或者必须要完成的情况”，由此可知，变化发生的可能性是非常高的，C选项must“必须，一定”满足语境需要。【干扰项排除】A选项would“将会”表推测的程度比need，must低；B选项might“可能”表推测的程度比need，must低；D选项need“需要”，表推测的程度比must低；【句意】他想

12、让年轻人知道结婚后肯定会发生很多变化。34. 【选项释义】A. issues 问题 B. adjustments 调整C. matters 事情 D. expectancies 期待【考查点】上下文语义衔接【解题思路】根据上一题“结婚后会发生很多变化（many changes）”推断，心理和经济上的_（psychological and financial _）应该就是指的这些变化，B选项adjustments“调整”符合上下文语义。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合“变化”。【句意】他认为，人们在结婚之前应该了解这些心理和经济调整的必要性。35. 【选项释义】A. to face 面临，不

13、定式 B. facing 面临，现在分词C. having faced 面临，现在完成时的现在分词形式 D. faced 面临，过去分词【考查点】非谓语动词【解题思路】空格处做major problems“主要问题”的后置定语，译为“婚姻中面临的主要问题”，“问题”应该是“被面临”，需要选择face的过去分词形式，表示被动，D选项faced“面临”，过去分词符合语法要求。【干扰项排除】A选项to face，face没有用被动；B选项facing，现在分词，表主动；C选项having faced，首先，现在分词，表主动；其次，此处不应该使用完成时。【句意】艾伦先生不仅向他的学生介绍婚姻中的主要问

14、题，如疾病或失业。36. 【选项释义】A. verdicts 裁决；判断 B. errors 错误C. triumphs 胜利；成就 D. tribulations 苦难【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】空格处所填词与“磨练（trials）”并列，应该是与其意义一致的词，D选项tribulations“苦难”符合要求。另外，trials and tribulations“艰难困苦”为常用搭配。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原文语义搭配。【句意】他想向年轻人介绍可能使婚姻破裂的所有艰难困苦。37. 【选项释义】A. familiarizes 使熟悉 B. concerns 涉及C. inform

15、s 通知；告知 D. associates 使有关联【考查点】语义衔接与介词搭配【解题思路】空格处需填入一个谓语动词，该词的宾语为“他的学生们”，与其搭配的介词为with，原文结构为“_ sb with sth”。根据全文主旨可知，艾伦先生想通过模拟婚姻来让学生们了解与婚姻有关的问题，A选项familiarizes“使熟悉”，从语义和搭配上都符合题目要求。【干扰项排除】B选项concern“涉及”，语义与原文不衔接；C选项informs“通知，告知”，与with不搭配，其常用介词搭配为of；D选项associates“使有关联”，语义与原文不衔接。【句意】他甚至让他的学生熟悉离婚的问题，以及离

16、婚的男人必须支付孩子的抚养费，并且有时需要每月支付前妻离婚抚恤费。38. 【选项释义】A. Before 在之前 B. Until 直到才C. After 在之后 D. As 当的时候【考查点】连词的使用【解题思路】空格处所在句为时间状语从句。从句使用一般过去时，主句使用过去完成时，说明主句的时间在前，从句的时间在后。结合句意，原文想表达的应该是“上完这节课之前，他们并不太担心婚姻问题。”作者想强调的是学生们上完课的变化，B选项Until“直到才”，强调前后的变化，符合语境。【干扰项排除】A选项Before“在之前”，强调时间的先后关系；C选项After“在之后”，不符合语义逻辑；D选项As“

17、当的时候”，不符合语义逻辑。【句意】在上这门课之前，他们并不太担心婚姻问题。39. 【选项释义】A. taken 上（课） B. endorsed 公开支持；代言C. suggested 建议 D. reproached 责备【考查点】动词辨析与语义衔接【解题思路】根据and提示，本句前后为并列关系，两者的语义反向一致。And前为“学生和家长都认为艾伦先生的课程很有价值（valuable）”，即学生和家长对该课程的评价是肯定的，and后为“公开_这个课程”。由此可知，B选项endorsed“公开支持；代言”符合原文语义。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。【句意】然而，学生和家长都

18、认为艾伦先生的课程是有价值的，并公开支持他的课程。40. 【选项释义】A. confined 限制 B. convinced 说服C. compromised 妥协 D. conceived 构想【考查点】形近词辨析【解题思路】空格处所填动词的宾语为“学校”，句意：他们支持这门课的声明和信件，_学校再次开设这门课程。空格前提到，这些声明和信件都是支持这门课的；空格后提到，学校再次开设了这门课程，两者之间是顺承的关系，B选项convinced“说服”与原文语义衔接最恰当。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。【句意】他们支持这个课程的声明和信件，说服了学校再次开设这门课程。3. 单选题

19、Low interest rates created easy credit conditions, fueling a housing construction boom and encouraging consumption.问题1选项A.contaminatingB.extinguishingC.stimulatingD.transporting【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. contaminating 污染，弄脏 B. extinguishing （使）消亡，破灭C. stimulating 激励；促进 D. transporting 运输；使身临其境【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】

20、划线部分是前文“低利率创造了宽松的信贷条件”带来的结果；原文and并列fueling a housing construction boom“_住房建设热潮”和encouraging consumption“鼓励消费”，那么划线词应与encouraging“鼓励”语义方向一致，C选项stimulating“刺激；激励”符合语境。原词fuel“刺激；推动”。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项与原文语境不符。【句意】低利率创造了宽松的信贷条件，推动了住房建设热潮并鼓励了消费。4. 单选题The bitter components in the vegetables will be released in

21、 cooking and eventually this bitterness will dissipate.问题1选项A.discourageB.distressC.uncoverD.dissolve【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. discourage 阻止；使气馁 B. distress 使悲痛；使贫困C. uncover发现；揭开 D. dissolve溶解；消失【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】根据前文苦味成分（The bitter components）会在烹饪过程中释放出来（be released）推测，苦味被释放后，就慢慢没有了，D选项dissolve“溶解；消失”符合句意。原词

22、dissipate“消散”。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语境。【句意】蔬菜中的苦味成分会在烹饪过程中释放出来，最终这种苦味会消散。5. 单选题With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very _ for the nineteenth-century factory workers.问题1选项A.hostileB.anxiousC.tediousD.obscure【答案】C【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项hostile“敌对的；怀有敌意的”；B选项anxious“焦虑的；急切的”；C选项tedi

23、ous“沉闷的，无聊的”；D选项obscure“模糊的，不清楚的”。句意：对于19世纪工厂的工人来说，每周工作80个小时，没有什么乐趣，这种生活一定很_。从没有little enjoyment“没什么乐趣”可以看出，这种生活很无聊，C选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为C。6. 单选题The number of people with Alzheimers disease in the United States is projected to more than double by 2050.问题1选项A.devisedB.thrustC.estimatedD.encountered【答案】

24、C【解析】【选项释义】A. devised 设计 B. thrust 用力推C. estimated 估计 D. encountered 遇到【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】原文指到2050年美国老年痴呆症患者的数量将增加一倍以上，2050年是一个未来的年份，这个数据应该是预估的，C选项“估计”符合原文。原文be projected to“被预测”。【干扰项排除】A选项devised“设计”，美国的老年痴呆症患者的数量应该是自然发生的，不存在说被设计成多少；B选项thrust“用力推”，不符合原句逻辑；D选项encountered“遇到”，不符合原句逻辑。【句意】预计到2050年，美国老年痴呆症

25、患者的数量将增加一倍以上。7. 单选题New Energy Sources to the RescueAs petrol prices rise, policy makers and venture capitalists are suddenly embracing alternatives. Will the trend last?Reasons for the changeIn his long career in country music, Willie Nelson has always been on the left side of all things. Now, at 73

26、 he is in the vanguard. Mr. Nelson, who lives on a big farm outside Austin, powers his car with the help of vegetable oil. He has even created his own line of this cleaner-burning diesel blend. He called it “Bio Willie”, which is distributed at several sites in Texas and is going national, too. Mr.

27、 Nelson argues that it will help Americas farmers, truckers, and the environment while, at the same time, reducing dependence on foreign petroleum.With high petrol prices causing troubles in Washington, D.C., everyone is trying to find out alternatives. Soya beans, canola (rapeseed), switch grass, a

28、nything, is being investigated. Even George Bush, a former oilman who supports loyally the industrial development, called last week for more research into ethanol and bio-diesel-two key types of bio-fuels and boldly predicted that “ethanol will replace gasoline consumption”. Jim Woolsey, a former he

29、ad of the CIA notes that developing bio-fuels is in the national interest, since it is high time America stopped its reliance on petroleum from foreign countries and so stopped funding some fanatical religious organizations.Future: convenience and painsThe federal government is beginning to formulat

30、e policy to promote the use of bio-fuels. In Montana, Hawaii and Minnesota all petrol must contain 10% ethanol, while Washington State requires petrol and diesel to contain 2% renewable fuel by volume. For both ethanol and bio-diesel, Congress has required a near-doubling of production by 2012. Both

31、 blends notes Mr. Woolsey approvingly, need little new infrastructure to support them (unlike, say, hydrogen fuel-cell cars). Ethanol can be dispensed at regular petrol stations and works, within limits, in todays cars. Bio-diesel fuelling stations, such as those for Bio Willie, are popping up aroun

32、d America.Unfortunately for Mr. Bushs political fortunes, a bio-fuels revolution will not happen in time to ease Americas current pain at the pump. Right now, ethanola clean-burning, high-octane alcohol typically derived from corn in America, or sugar in Brazilaccounts for just 3% of Americas petrol

33、 use, though American cars can handle a 10% ethanol blend. Bio-diesel is used even less.Moreover, ethanol is typically blended with regular fuel, and a widespread shift to an ethanol blend (a result of another provision of last years energy bill) has contributed to some petrol shortages in Texas and

34、 elsewhere, as the supply chain creaks into life. Skeptics argue that growing crops for ethanol will burn more petrol than it will save.But others are persuaded, despite the pains at the beginning stage. “If I had to bet $100, Id bet on bio-fuels, says Hunter Lovins, co-author of “Natural Capitalism

35、 adding that she would favor them even over other renewable energy sources. Rich investors also believe its growth. Richard Branson, a British entrepreneur who heads the Virgin conglomerate, recently announced plans to invest up to $400 million in ethanol production.Growing Production?Can producti

36、on be scaled up? A recent bioengineering breakthrough means that it should soon be possible to convert plant products far more efficiently to ethanol. This lends promise to cellulosic ethanola product that can be made from agricultural “waste”, such as corn cobs or weeds, which is widely available.

37、Once corn kernels and sugar-cane sap have been taken away for sugar, they leave plenty of stalks and leaves behind.) The most promising source of cellulosic ethanol, say expert, is switch grass, a native American grass that grows naturally in the prairie heartland and thrives in the poor Mississipp

38、i Delta.Bio-diesel, as yet, is a smaller enterprise. Its plants require less capital than those for ethanol. It is growing fastsales volume tripled, to 75m gallons, between 2004 and 2005but that is still a drop in the tanker of the 60 billion gallons of diesel that Americans consume each year. Much

39、of the stuff is made from soya beans, and Jeff Plowman of Austin Bio-fuels, a tiny start-up, notes that soya been futures are tracking the price of heating oil for the first time. In Texas, Mr. Plowman also sees potential for cottonseed oil, a byproduct of cotton production. Elsewhere, there is even

40、 talk of producing bio-diesel from pig manure.Troubles are still occurring, having pushed back the enthusiasm. In Minnesota, a requirement to have 2% of diesel made from soya was suspended last year when truckers began to complain of clogged filters, though it was fairly quickly reinstated.Bio-fuels

41、 and American farmsCould bio-fuels, in addition to easing the strain on the environment and on wallets, help to save American farms? Some policymakers certainly hold out this dream, particularly in the Midwest, where ethanol and bio-diesel production is concentrated. Montanas Democratic governor, Br

42、ian Schweitzer, who uses bio-diesel (made for example from canola) in his own Volkswagen Jetta, imagined with optimism about a technology that he hopes “will jump-start rural America”. He points out that America exports masses of wheat, soya beans and corn, and talks of “converging those export acre

43、s to bio-fuels”. When the 2007 farm bill is debated, he hopes for “a vision that helps American farmers once again produce their own horsepower on their own farms”. This “vision” would include federal crop insurance for farmers who grow canola, safflower and camellia, bringing them up to the level o

44、f wheat and soya beans.The notion of American farmers defying the tide of capitalism to grow their own fuel is a glorious delusion. It seems great, yet its not practical. However, Mr. Schweitzer is right that Congress has some big decisions to make about bio-fuels. To what extent, if any, should gov

45、ernment subsidize this newly-emerged industry? Already it has received plenty of help. Ethanol producers get a tax credit worth 51 cents a gallon, much to the delight of the industry. There is also a 54 cents-a-gallon tariff on imports of ethanol from Brazil. Starting with the removal of that tariff

46、 Congress needs to rethink its misleading energy policies. Nathanael Greene, of the Natural Resources Defense Council, argues that the federal governments most important immediate step should be to enact a loan guarantee to create Americas first cellulosic ethanol plant, which would probably be bui

47、lt in Idaho.If bio-fuels do take off, environmentalists and policymakers will still be unable to relax. Mr. Greene emphasizes, rightly, that bio-fuels alone might not solve all the problems. His organization argues that although American production could rise to 100 billion gallons of bio-fuels by 2050, such changes also need