2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库难点易错点剖析附答案有详解5.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than,（ ）at the other store.问题1选项A.anyoneB.the othersC.the onesD.that【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词。句意：即使减价出售，这些冰箱的价格即使不比另一家商店的贵，价格也是一样的。根据句意可知填空处所指代的应该是refrigerators，代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名

2、词，以避免重复。而这里使用的是冰箱的复数形式，所以也要用复数的ones来指代，并且refrigerators是上文已经提及的，表示特指，所以要加上定冠词the，选项C正确。2. 写作题Directions: Human identity, the idea that defines each and every one of us, could be facing an unprecedented crisis. It is a crisis that would threaten long-held notions of who we are, what we do and how we b

3、ehave. According to neuroscientists, this crisis could reshape the way we think, we learn and we interact with each other, alter what makes us happy, and modify our capacity for reaching our full potential as individuals. It is caused by one simple fact: We are excessively reliant on the use of the

4、information technology. Likewise, the way we traditionally learn and teach in classrooms is under threat from the modern technology and fails to attract the post-1990s, who have been negatively stereotyped as a selfish group or labeled as Iphone fans or Wechat-(or QQ-) addicted kids.What do you thin

5、k of the possible changes that could be made in the Chinese tertiary education to be adapted to the learning needs of the post-1990s in the new era of information technology? Write a composition of about 250 words expressing your own opinions. You should use your own ideas, knowledge or experience t

6、o generate support for your argument. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Note: In the first part of your writing you should state clearly the thesis statement (i.e., your main argument), and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part

7、 you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【答案】略3. 单选题Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear rea

8、son for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is smallPruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its o

9、wn way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or sizeThe object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shapeSecondly, pruning may be done to make

10、the tree healthierYou may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing woundsThe health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an o

11、pen would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will healOften there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when the tree is at riskIt should be the aim of every gardener to r

12、educe the risk as far as possibleIt is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughnessYou should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially f

13、or this purposePruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleedIf this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.1.Pruning is probably

14、usually done to （ ）.2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener ( ).问题1选项A.make the small branches thicker.B.get rid of the small branches.C.improve the shape of the tree.D.make the tree grow taller.问题2选项A.damages some of the small side branches.B.forces them to grow too quickly.C.does not protect the

15、m from the wind.D.allows too many branches to grow in the middle.问题3选项A.To help a wound to dry.B.To cover a rough surface.C.To prevent disease entering a wound.D.To make a wound smooth.问题4选项A.regularly every winter.B.occasionally when necessary.C.as quickly as possible.D.at intervals throughout the

16、year.问题5选项A.To discuss different methods of pruning.B.To explain how trees develop disease.C.To give a general description of pruning.D.To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段第一句指出：First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired

17、 shape or size (首先，修剪可以确保树有一个理想的形状或大小)。由此可知，修剪通常是为了“改善树的形状”，故选C。2.判断推理题。第二段最后一句指出：The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air (修剪掉挡在中间而阻止了空气自由流通的树枝，可以让树更健康)。由此可知，如果园丁让太多的树枝在中间生长，树就会不健康。D选项正确。3.判断推理题。最后一段第一句

18、指出：One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal(修剪的一个后果是树上留下一个缺口，这为疾病提供了一个容易的入口，但这是一个可以愈合的伤口)。因此树被涂上一种特殊材料终究是为了“防止疾病通过修剪口侵入”。B项和D项都是干扰项，虽然后面提到：It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smoo

19、th and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness (修剪过的区域必须光滑干净，因为粗糙会减缓愈合速度)。但它们并不是最终原因。因此本题选C。4.判断推理题。第一段指出：Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and (只有在有充分和明确的理由时才应该修剪树木)。由此推断，B项“必要时偶尔修剪”正确。5.主旨大意题。本文开头讲了修剪的原因，方法，后面讲了修剪的后果极其处理方法，因此C项“概述修剪”比较能概括本文主

20、旨。4. 单选题In the past forty years, weather forecasting has become almost（ ）computerized.问题1选项A.centrallyB.totallyC.nationallyD.extremely【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项centrally“在中心”；B选项totally“完全地”；C选项nationally“全国性地” D选项extremely“非常，极其”。句意：在过去的四十年里，天气预报已经几乎完全计算机化了。因此B项符合句意。5. 单选题When you think of the tremendous

21、technological progress we have made, its amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment.

22、We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Dont the spectators who attend them hope they

23、 will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated

24、arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men bat

25、ter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of the sporting spirit is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rew

26、ards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been de

27、prived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.Why should we ban violent spoils if people enjoy them so much? You may welt ask. The answer is simple: they arc uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally admittedly with

28、little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in man

29、y parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The taw is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and

30、it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.1. It can be inferred from the passage that the authors opinion of nowadays human b

31、eings is（ ）.2.The main idea of this passage is（ ）.3.That the author mentions the old Romans is（ ）.4.How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?5.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.not very highB.high.C.contemptuous.D.critical.问题2选项A.vicious and dang

32、erous sports should be banned by law.B.people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.C.to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.D.people are bloodthirsty in sports.问题3选项A.to compare the old Romans with todays people.B.to give an example.C.to show human beings in the pa

33、st know nothing better.D.to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.问题4选项A.Three.B.Five.C.Six.D.Seven.问题5选项A.that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.B.that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.C.that we must lake positive steps to improv

34、e social welfare system.D.to show law is the main instrument of social change.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。结合全文内容可知，作者在第一段指出：现在的我们和罗马人的区别在于，罗马人诚实的承认他们暴力且嗜血，而我们则使用各种理由来掩盖自己和罗马人一样的本性。第二段作者以暴力的体育运动为例进行阐述，但在第三段指出，人们努力进行改善，比如社会福利和法律，尽管没有成功但有所改观。作者一直站在客观的角度阐述事实，并没有体现出轻蔑和批判的语气，并且对人们还抱有期望，所以作者只是

35、对现在的人们评价不高，选项A更加恰当。2.判断推理题。根据上一题的分析可知，作者是不希望看到暴力危险的体育运动的，所以作者希望法律能够禁止暴力危险的体育运动，选项A符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据原文第一段中所提及的“Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. 人类仍然和以前一样嗜血。”作者之所以提到罗马人，不仅仅是以此来举例或者是和现在的人进行比较，作者真正的目的在于强调现在的人们和以前的罗马人一样嗜血。所以选项D更恰当。4.细节事实题。原文提到的危险体育运动有：boxing(拳击); bearbaiting(逗熊游戏); h

36、unting(打猎); bull-fighting(斗牛); cars crashing(赛车)。所以选项B正确。5.作者意图题。根据第三段的最后两句话“If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings. 如果我们禁止危险和暴力的体育运动，我们就向改善人类又迈进了一步。我们将认识到暴力是人类的堕落

37、和不值得。”由此可知，作者认为通过禁止暴力运动，人们能够改善自我。选项A符合原文。6. 单选题Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. Its iniquitous, they say, th

38、at this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, its the consumer who pays.The poor old consume

39、r! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is

40、 to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you

41、would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway

42、 station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dra

43、b wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities,We must not forget, cither, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily

44、 paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustnt forget is the small ads. which arc in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful

45、 service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the hatch, match and dispatch column but by far the most fascinating section is

46、 the personal or agony column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is!1.What is main idea of this passage?2.The attitude of the author toward advertisers is（ ）.3.Why do the c

47、ritics criticize advertisers?4.Which of the following is Not True?5.The passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.Advertisement.B.The benefits of advertisement.C.Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D.The costs of advertisement.问题2选项A.appreciative.B.trustworthy.C.critical.D.dissatisfactory.问题3选项A.Because

48、advertisers often brag.B.Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”.C.Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.D.Because customers pay more.问题4选项A.Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.B.We can buy what we want.C.Good quality products don