2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷70含答案解析.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “等价的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “统一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”。句意：虽然他们服务好，但大多数小旅馆要比同等级水准的宾馆便宜。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题There is no

2、easy solution to Japans labor（ ） .问题1选项A.declineB.vacancyC.rarityD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降”；vacancy “空缺，空白”；rarity “罕见；珍品”；shortage “缺少”。句意：日本劳动力不足的问题很难解决。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her （ ）for a whole week.问题1选项A.constrainedB.dominatedC.restrictedD.oc

3、cupied【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。constrained “被强迫的”；dominated “占主导地位的”；restricted “受限制的；occupied “使用中的；无空闲的”。句意：她热衷于给这个大房子重新装修，为此她会忙碌整个星期。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Some people （ ）avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.问题1选项A.violentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincerelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

4、violently “猛烈地”；enthusiastically “热心地”；sincerely “诚挚地”；deliberately “故意地”。句意：有些人有意回避对错的问题，或对此保持中立。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题The process of perceiving other people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” Mo

5、re often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about other

6、s in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed persons behavior with the known others behavior; observing a perso

7、n in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the persons responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contac

8、t with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures (自我表露)，and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use

9、 to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we wont ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets

10、and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically (讽刺性地)，those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as tho

11、se things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosures and truthful statements).1.The word “pinpoint”(Para. 1，Line 3) basically means（ ） .2.What do we learn from the first paragraph?3.It can be inferred from Bergers suggestions that（ ） .4.In developing personal relat

12、ionships, secrets and deceptions, in the authors opinion, are（ ）5.The authors purpose in writing the passage is（ ） .问题1选项A.appreciateB.obtainC.interpretD.identify问题2选项A.People are better described in cold, objective terms.B.The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.C.One s

13、hould not judge people by their appearances.D.One is usually subjective when assessing other peoples personality.问题3选项A.People do not reveal their true self on every occasion.B.in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly -C.the best way to know a person is by making compari

14、sons.D.face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person问题4选项A.personal matters that should be seriously dealt withB.barriers that should be done away withC.as significant as disclosures and truthful statementsD.things people should guard against问题5选项A.to give advic

15、e on appropriate conduct for social occasionsB.to provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC.to call the readers attention to the negative side of peoples charactersD.to discuss the various aspects of getting to know people【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据上下文可推断 pinpoint 的意思与perceiv

16、e “了解，认知”相似。第一段提到pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters深入内心确定他的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格。所以选项D符合题意。2.第一段最后一句we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance 提到人们常常以为短短几秒钟就能够了解他人，然而事实却远非这样，这显然是低估了了解他人的难

17、度。所以选项B符合题意。3.Berger建议了几种了解他人的方法，但是仅从一个方面去了解他人是行不通的，因为大部分人都在不断改，而我们用来获得信息的这些方法不够精确（getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise），选项A符合题意。4.文章最后一句话提到对于建议一段良好的人际关系而言，他人的秘密和欺骗与他人的自我表露和实话一样

18、重要，这非常具有讽刺意味。选项C符合题意。5.文章主要讨论了了解他人的不同方面，如：识人的困难、方法及隐瞒和欺骗的积极方面等。所以选项D符合题意。6. 单选题We （ ）Edisons success to his intelligence and hard work.问题1选项A.subjectB.attributeC.oweD.refer【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。subject to “使服从”；attribute to “把归因于”；owe to “归功于”；refer to “参考，涉及”。句意：我们把爱迪生的成功归因于他的聪明和努力。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题It is

19、through learning that the individual（ ） many habitual ways of reacting tosituations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain “保持”；gain “获得”，指通过努力获得自己想要的东西；achieve “收获，获得”，指凭借长期的努力实现自己的目标；acquire “获得”，指通过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。通过分析，选项D符合题意。8. 单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; ther

20、e was rubbish everywhere and the curtains andcarpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛击”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题The girl was （ ）a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large departm

21、ent.问题1选项A.preliminarilyB.presumablyC.formallyD.formerly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。Preliminarily “初步地”；presumably “大概，推测起来”；formally “正式地”；formerly “以前，原来”。句意：这个女孩之前是商店的助理，现在是一个大部门的经理。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题I didnt sent out my application form last week, but I（ ）.问题1选项A.had toB.should haveC.would doD.might have to【答

22、案】C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我上周没有发申请表格，但是我本来应该发的。选项C符合题意。11. 翻译题E-mail is now one the fastest ways to gain or lose potential customers because of the ability to deliver information fast to an enormous amount of people. After sending a small you are no longer in control of the effects of the message and can

23、only wait in suspense.An employee of your company started off his/her day in a bad mood. A potential customer emails them with a trivial question and they reply with a brash （无礼的）tone. Do you think the recipient will use your company? On the Internet word travels fast. It takes me 3 minutes to send

24、email to 50-100 people. Therefore your company can lose 100 current or potential customers with the brash email sent out by your employee. This can happen in a matter of minutes. Speaking from personal experience I sent out what I considered a helpful message concerning a version the Internet. One p

25、erson thought it was quite annoying because they knew that some of these messages are merely hoaxes （恶作剧）. The message I received, without a doubt, shot lightning ballistic me. What did I do? I apologized. I visited their site to see what kind of business they were in all. I knew that if someone had

26、 ever asked me to give them information about products relating to what they sold, I would most likely say, do not use “this company”.I find that it is most helpful to search newsgroups for my company name to see if good or bad things are being said about me. Try searching for Microsoft or Netscape

27、and see what results are presented to you. Remember newsgroups are simply meeting places on the Internet where people exchange information. Most people know that the best business comes from word of mouth or “word of email.”Back to the story. After I sent my apology I received a reply the next day s

28、tating that they were sorry for what they had said. Problem solved. I now do not have a problem recommending that company to a friend. On some occasion a brash answer is responded to with a blush reply. Those are the lucky ones. Be careful, there are many vindictive (报复性的) people will reply to brash

29、ness by breaking into your entire site and demonstrating how angry they are with you. I cannot and will not try to break into someones website but people who are more knowledgeable can and do.【答案】由于电子邮件可以迅速将信息发送给很多人，它也就成为了人们获得或失去潜在顾客最快捷的方式。在发送完信息后，你就无法再控制信息可能产生的效果，而只能在不安中等待。你公司员工在情绪低落中开始了一天的工作。一个潜在的

30、客户因为一些琐事发了一封邮件给他们，而他们给予了无礼的回复。你认为收件者会选择你们公司吗？网络中消息传播很快。我需要三分钟的时间将邮件发给50-100个人。于是，因为你雇员一封无礼的邮件，你的公司可能在短短几分钟之类损失了100个现有或者潜在的客户。谈到我个人的经历，我就曾在网络上发送过一条关于电脑病毒的有益信息。有人认为这很讨厌，因为他们知道某些这类信息纯粹是恶作剧。毫无疑问，我收到的回信令我非常恼火。我怎么做的？我向他们道歉了。我访问他们的网站去了解他们从事的生意。我心里想如果有人向我了解他们所生产的产品信息，我会说：“别用这家公司。”我发现在网络上的新闻组中搜索我公司的名字来查看关于我的

31、好话和坏话是最有效的方法。尝试去搜索微软或者网景，看看搜到的结果。记住新闻组织是人们交换信息的平台。大多数人都知道最好的商家产生于人们的口碑和“邮件”。回到刚才的故事。在收到我致歉的邮件后，第二天我收到了回信，称他们对他们所说的话感到抱歉。问题解决。我现在会把这家公司介绍给朋友。有时候，无礼的应答会得到愧疚的回复。那些人是很幸运的。但是要当心，有许多具有报复心的人会通过入侵你的整个网站来回应你的无礼并表达他们的愤怒。我不能，也不会去侵入他人的网站，但是那些懂得怎么侵入网站的人会这么做。12. 单选题There are some 65 species of New World monkeys.

32、Many of these have a very useful anatomical adaptation lacking in their old world counterparts that curious “fifth hand, the prehensile （适手抓住的）tail. And in a few species the gripping tail has developed to such as extent that is actually has “fingerprints” on the tip. While of course a tail is not-ac

33、cepted with fingers, it can sometimes be even more useful than an arm or a leg. A spider monkeys tail, for instance, is longer than its head and body combined, and is frequently used instead of a hand to grasp distant objects. Other monkeys less fortunate are forced to relegate at least one limb to

34、support while they feed, whereas monkeys endowed with prehensility can hang by their tails while they feast with both hands and feet. A few New World monkeys have also evolved arms and shoulders that are suitable for swinging hand over hand through the trees like the Asiatic gibbons.1.The passage ma

35、inly discusses（ ） .2.The author probably believes that a monkey uses its prehensile tail especially for3.In the second sentence, the word “their” refers to（ ） .4.It can be inferred from the passage that the Asiatic gibbons and certain New World monkeys are similar in what respect?5.Which of the foll

36、owing statements is NOT true according to the information in the passage?问题1选项A.certain evolutionary advantages of New World monkeysB.feeding habits of the spider monkeyC.the development of arms and shoulders in New World monkeysD.some anatomical adaptations of Asiatic gibbons问题2选项A.running over a g

37、rassy plainB.supporting itself while eatingC.swimming across a riverD.defending itself against enemies问题3选项A.New World monkeysB.Old World monkeysC.spider monkeysD.Asiatic gibbons问题4选项A.The length of their tailsB.Their mating habitsC.The ability to grip with their feetD.Their upper body structure问题5选

38、项A.Some monkeys use their hands to grasp objects.B.A spider monkey has a very long tail.C.A prehensile tail has fingers.D.Asiatic gibbons can swing through trees.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.文章主要介绍了新世界猴与其他种类猴相比所具有的进化优势。其中最主要的是进化出适合抓握的尾巴以及类似于亚洲长臂猿的适合在树上摆荡的手臂和肩膀。所以选项A符合题意。2.文章中提到whereas monkeys

39、endowed with prehensility can hang by their tails while they feast with both hands and feet，可知新世界猴在吃食物的时候能够用尾巴悬挂身体从而使双手双脚抓东西吃。选项B符合题意。3.their 后面接的内容是“它们在旧世界的同类”，可知their 指的是新世界猴。选项A符合题意。4.文章最后一句话A few New World monkeys have also evolved arms and shoulders that are suitable for swinging hand over hand

40、 through the trees like the Asiatic gibbons 提到一些新世界猴进化出了类似于亚洲长臂猿那样的手臂和肩膀，所以选项D符合题意。5.文章提到while of course a tail is not-accepted with fingers （尾巴上并没有长手指，选项C符合题意。13. 单选题She is a very （ ）student. Shes always talking about traveling to outer space.问题1选项A.imaginaryB.imaginativeC.imaginableD.imagining【答案】

41、B【解析】考查形似形容词词义辨析。imaginary “虚构的，假想的”；imaginative “富于想象的，有创造力的”；imaginable “可能的，可想象的”；imagining 是 image的动名词形式。句意：她是一个富有想象力的学生。她总是谈论关于在外太空漫游的事。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题The governments（ ） is to make up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.问题1选项A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。tariff “关税”；duty “税收”；r

42、evenue “税收收入”；tax “税金”。句意：政府的财政收入主要来源于我们的税收。选项C符合题意。15. 单选题The present universal fear has been the result of a forward surge in our knowledge and （ ） of certain dangerous factors in the physical world.问题1选项A.automationB.perceptionC.manipulationD.administration【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。 automation “自动化”；perc

43、eption “感觉，看法”；manipulation “操作”；administration “管理”。句意：如今的全球恐慌是我们对物理世界中特定危险因素的突破性了解和认知的结果。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题Out of （ ）revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.问题1选项A.perfectB.totalC.sheerD.integral【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect “完美的”；total “全部的”；sheer “绝对的；纯粹的”；integral “

44、完整的”。句意：纯粹是出于报复，他拼命诋毁她的人品，毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉思，注视”； complement “补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题To make it easier

45、 to return any purchases, save the original packaging, especially for electronic and household （ ）.问题1选项A.instrumentsB.facilitiesC.appliancesD.equipment【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。instrument “工具，乐器”；facility “设施，设备”；appliance “器具，装置”；equipment “设备，装备”。句意：为了退货方便，需要保留原来的包装，尤其是电子产品和家用电器。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题A new kind

46、 of radar has been developed for space-age travelers. A working laboratorymodel of a new system of radar that makes use of a beam of light is said to be ten thousand times more accurate than the best comparable system of radar that uses microwaves.The model has shown that radar system can measure with absolute precision speeds varying from spaceship orbital injection velocities of live miles per second down to virtual stops-speeds of less than one ten-thous