2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前拔高综合测试题含答案带详解第89期.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Womens minds work differently from mens. At least, that is what most are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real

2、differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex int

3、ellectual processesthe link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is

4、 in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “what?” and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently

5、 from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum ena

6、bled them to work together. For most people the left half is used for word handing, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more, harmoniously the two halves work. And, accordin

7、g to research findings; women have the better connections.But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at maths and physics. If these

8、 differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shant know for a while, partly because we dont know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain,

9、 and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.1.Which of the following s

10、tatements is CORRECT?2.According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by（ ） factors.3.“These differences” in paragraph 5 refer to those in（ ）.4.At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on（ ）.5. What is the main purpose of the passage?问题1选项A.Biologis

11、ts are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B.Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C.Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D.The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.问题2选项A.biologicalB.psychologi

12、calC.physicalD.social问题3选项A.skills of men and womenB.school subjectsC.the brain structure of men and womenD.activities carried out by the brain问题4选项A.the brain structure as a wholeB.the functioning of part of the brainC.the distinction between the sexesD.the effects of the corpus callosum问题5选项A.To o

13、utline the research findings on the brain structure.B.To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C.To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D.To suggest new areas in brain research.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段第三句提到了心理学家的态度，他们把这个问题要么看成一件事，要么看成一种挫折，要么看成一个笑

14、话（Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke），然后提到生物学家进入了这个雷区（Now the biologists have moved into this minefield），由此可以推测出心理学家已经放弃，而生物学家正在开展，因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第三段提到我们更倾向于认为这些差异是社会造成的（We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences），因此

15、选项D符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第五段提到在此基础上，要解释男女技能之间的实际差异就不那么容易了（But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis），由此可知选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段提到我们无法理解这两部分是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的，但这种显著的差异肯定会产生一定影响（we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum

16、 But this striking difference must have some effect），由此可知选项D符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科学家在两性之间大脑结构的研究，选项A符合题意。2. 单选题He might have been killed（ ）the arrival of the police.问题1选项A.except forB.but forC.withD.for【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。but for“要不是，如果没有”；except for“除了以外”。句意：要不是警察来了，他可能已经被杀了。might have been killed是对过去的

17、推测，故B项正确。3. 单选题He seems to think the plan will work, but I am（ ）about its success.问题1选项A.unbelievingB.unbelievableC.incredibleD.skeptical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“难以置信的，不可信的”；incredible“难以置信的，惊人的，极好的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：他似乎觉得这个计划会凑效，但我对它的成功表示怀疑。前半句表达的是一个人相信的态度，由but可知后半句态度与之相反，即怀

18、疑的态度。故D项正确。be skeptical about对表示怀疑。4. 单选题It is through learning that the individual _ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. retains 保持 B. gains 获得C. achieves 达到；实现 D. acquires 获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。of reacting to

19、 situations（对情况的反应）做habitual ways（习惯方式）的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况做出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways（习惯方式）相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况做出反应的许多习惯方式。5. 单选题Generally, it is only when anima

20、ls are trapped that they_ to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. proceed开始；继续进行 B. appeal呼吁；恳求C. resort诉诸；采取 D. incline倾向于【考察点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意为只有动物在被困住的时候，它们才会采取暴力措施来逃走。C选项resort接to表采取的意思，符合句意。【干扰项排除】A选项proceed to继续下去；B选项appeal to呼吁；上诉；要求；对有吸引力；D选项incli

21、ne to倾向于。incline to更多指具有什么倾向。但是该题目应该选采取暴力措施，因为题意为动物们已经被困住了。以上选项均不符合句意。【句意】一般来说，只有当动物被困住时，它们才会采取暴力措施以逃脱。6. 单选题I remember（ ）the door before I went to bed.问题1选项A.lockingB.to lockC.to have lockedD.being locked【答案】A【解析】考查remember的用法。“remember to do something”记得要做某事却没做；“remember doing something”记得做过某事。句意：

22、我记得睡之前锁了门。如果B项正确，那么C项也对。D项是一种被动的表达，排除。故答案A。7. 翻译题I remember a film, I forget what it was called, in which four people were interrogated about the character and life-style of a woman who had been murdered. All of them had known her well, but to each of them, she presented a different side. The man wh

23、o loved her saw her as amusing, intelligent and extravagant. The girl who had been at school with her said she was reserved, slow to make friends and inclined to be mean. Her boss, for whom she worked as a secretary, found her hardworking but dull, the last person to inspire passion, let alone murde

24、r. Her landlady said she was easy to get on with, untidy and careless about money. “I always had to remind her of the rent,” she said, “but I like her she was always cheerful and willing to lend a hand if anyone was in trouble”. The interest of the film was not so much in who committed the murder, b

25、ut in how it showed the way in which we all show different sides of ourselves to different people.【答案】我记得有这样一部电影，我不记得它的名字了。讲述的是四个人被询问关于被谋杀者女性的性格和生活方式。这些人都很了解她，但是她对每个人展示了不同的一面。爱她的那个男人觉得她是一个有趣、聪明却有点浪费的女孩。她同学觉得她是一个保守、不善交友，倾向于自私的人。她当秘书的那个老板觉得她虽然勤奋却很沉闷，永远不会活跃气氛，更别说凶手会谋杀她了。她的房东却说她很好相处，不修边幅，不太在乎钱。“我总要提醒她交房

26、租”她说道，“但是我很喜欢她。她总是那么欢乐，在别人有困难的时候总会伸出援手。”这部电影有趣的地方不在于谁是行凶者，而在于我们都会在不同人面前展示不同的一面。8. 单选题Everyone knows that the speed of an airplane _ that of a ship.问题1选项A.transplantsB.transfersC.transcendsD.transforms【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. transplants 移植 B. transfers 转移C. transcends 胜过，超越 D. transforms 转换【考查点】形近词辨析。【解题思路

27、空格处的that指代的是speed，也就是说比较飞机与船的速度。C选项transcends“胜过，超越”符合句子逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】大家都知道飞机的速度快于轮船的速度。9. 单选题Mary once _ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. merged （由指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失 B. collaborated 合

28、作C. coincided 一致，符合；同时发生 D. constituted 组成【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】空格后有with表示和一起，表伴随。根据逻辑关系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。B选项符合句意，正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】玛丽有一次与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。10. 单选题I know now that all _ human beings worry that others will find out that they are not quite good enough.问题1选项A.sacredB.holyC.hy

29、stericD.sane【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. sacred 神圣的 B. holy 神圣的C. hysteric 歇斯底里的 D. sane 健全的；理智的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，的人害怕其他人会发现他们不够好。D. sane“理智的”符合句意。理智的人们一般会被认为是强大的足够优秀的。人们会在理智的人们身上期待更多。所以这类人害怕别人发现他们其实不够好。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我现在知道，所有理智的人都担心别人会发现自己不够好。11. 单选题The local government is planning to

30、make（ ）for the elderly people in a housing program.问题1选项A.provisionB.admittanceC.assistanceD.condition【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。provision“准备，规定，条款”；admittance“进入，入场权，通道”；assistance“帮助，援助”；condition“条件，情况，环境”。make provision for “为将来需要、困难做准备”。句意：当地政府计划在住房项目上给老年人提供帮助。A项符合题意。12. 单选题He was afraid he would have to（

31、 ）her invitation to the party.问题1选项A.refuteB.rejectC.returnD.decline【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。refute“驳倒，反驳，用证据证明是假的”；reject“拒绝，谢绝，指断然拒绝接受某人或某物或要求”；return“返回”；decline“婉拒”。句意：他担心他将不得不拒绝她的参加聚会的邀请。婉拒符合题意。故D项正确。13. 单选题After the dispute, the atmosphere in the meeting room was getting more and more_.问题1选项A.critical

32、B.frustratedC.tenseD.light【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. critical至关重要的 B. frustrated懊恼的；沮丧的C. tense紧张的 D. light轻的；明亮的；轻松的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据dispute“辩论、争吵”和会议室的气氛的逻辑可知：空白处的形容词应该满足争吵后会议室紧张气氛的逻辑。C选项tense“紧张的”满足此句所需的逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。并且D选项light的比较级是lighter不用more and more。【句意】争论过后，会议室的气氛变得越来越紧张。14. 不定

33、项选择题Some recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts among colonists. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century. Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent histori

34、ans have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is class conflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within that larger conflict? Certainly not by the side a person supported.

35、 Although many of these historians have accepted the earlier assumption that Loyalists represented an upper class, new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic classes. (It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-do joined the Loy

36、alists than joined the rebels.) Looking at the rebel side, we find little evidence for the contention that lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britain tended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not, the disputing rebels of one or another

37、class usually became Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (with the

38、obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from hardening along class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid-though recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed-that to talk about social classes at all requires the

39、 use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like “the better sort”. Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, howe

40、ver, there were very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism.Having said this, however, one must add that there is much evidence to support the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. “The Paxton Boys” incident and the Regulator movem

41、ent are representative examples of the widespread, and justified, discontent of western settlers against colonial or state governments dominated by eastern interests. Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict-w

42、hich also existed between North and South-deserves further investigation.In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century America. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consen

43、sus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.1. The author suggests which of the following about the representativeness of colonial or state governments in America from 1763 to 1789?2. According to the passage, which of the following is a true sta

44、tement about sectional conflicts in America between 1763 and 1789?3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary

45、War?4. The passage suggests that the author would be likely to agree with which of the following statements about the social structure of eighteenth-century American society?I. It allowed greater economic opportunity than it did social mobility.II. It permitted greater economic opportunity prior to

46、1750 than after 1750.III. It did not contain rigidly defined socioeconomic divisions.IV. It prevented economic disputes from arising among members of the society.5. The author most likely refers to “historians such as Beard and Becker” (lines 5-6) in order to_.问题1选项A.The governments inadequately rep

47、resented the interests of people in western regions.B.The governments more often represented class interests than sectional interests.C.The governments were less representative than they had been before 1763.D.The governments were dominated by the interests of people of an upper socioeconomic class.E.The governments of the northern colonies were less