2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考试题库及模拟押密卷48含答案解析.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.问题1选项A.ignoredB.neglectedC.refusedD.denied【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. ignored忽视，对不予理会 B. neglected忽略，忽视C. refused拒绝，回绝 D. denied否认，否定，拒绝承认【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息American women（美国女

2、性）和the right to vote（投票权），结合历史常识可知，美国女性是被拒绝给予投票权的，并且deny sb. sth.是固定用法，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B项不与right搭配；C项多指拒绝邀请或者请求等。【句意】在艰苦斗争了数年之后，美国女性于1920年得到了一直被剥夺的投票权。2. 单选题Although money is always useful, it isnt all _.问题1选项A.what there is to lifeB.to which there is to lifeC.that is in lifeD.there is to life【答案】

3、D【解析】【选项释义】A. what there is to life生活有什么意义 B. to which there is to life这就是生活C. that is in life这就是生活 D. there is to life生活就是这样【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】根据although可知，句子前半句为让步状语从句，所以后半句为主句，it是主语，isnt是系动词，all是表语，所以空格部分应为定语从句修饰all，结合选项可知，there is可以看作在定语从句中充当了谓语，to life是从句中的状语，那么用作主语的关系代词that可以省略，句子可以还原为Although mo

4、ney is always useful, it isnt all (that) there is to life，所以该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A项what只能引导名词性从句；B项to which使用不当；C项不符合句意。【句意】虽然钱总是有用的，但它并不是生活的全部。3. 不定项选择题New parents are annoying. They think you want to hear about every gurgle and baby-step. But it could be worse. When your boss has a sprog, watch your wa

5、llet.A study to be published next month in Administrative Science Quarterly looks at what happens to workers pay when a male boss has a child. Researchers tracked salaries at every firm in Denmark with more than ten employees between 1996 and 2006. (They confined themselves to male bosses partly bec

6、ause the sample of female bosses was too small.)Male bosses, it turns out, pay themselves significantly more once they become fathers. Even after controlling for factors such as age, length of tenure and the performance of the firm, the study found that bosses with daughters pay themselves 3.5% more

7、 than childless ones. If they have a son, that increases to a hefty 6.4%. David Ross of Columbia Business School, one of the authors, says all fathers feel a duty to support their families. For grunts this means working harder. Bosses have the more agreeable option of raising their own wages.This is

8、 bad news for underlings. That extra money comes out of workers pockets, the study finds. Staff employed by a father is typically paid less. The amount depends on such things as the sex of the baby and whether it is his first child. Male employees bear the grunt: if the bosss child is a son, for exa

9、mple, they can expect 0.5% less salary than if he hadnt reproduced.Female staff fare better. After their bosss first child, they can expect to be paid a little more. Mr. Ross speculates that this might be because, having seen their wives go through childbirth, they start to respect women more. Alas,

10、 such goodwill doesnt last. Once the boss has a second child, female workers wages are likely to fall, just like mens.1. According to the passage, which of the following describes the study CORRECTLY?2. According to the passage, once they become fathers, male bosses tend to _.3. The study reveals th

11、at upon stepping into fatherhood, _.4. What does the sentence “Male employees bear the grunt” in paragraph 4 mean?5. After the bosss first child, compared with males, female workers are _.问题1选项A.It was conducted by a Denmark firm.B.It was a large-scale and longitudinal study.C.It was a systematic an

12、d time-consuming study.D.It tracked the salaries of ten employees from every firm.问题2选项A.pay more to those with sonsB.make the firm earn more moneyC.differ due to factors such as age etc.D.take more money from their underlings问题3选项A.employees need to work harder than bossesB.bosses and employees dif

13、fer in their options of dutyC.both bosses and employees need to earn more moneyD.bosses are more agreeable than employees问题4选项A.Male employees are angry.B.Male employees suffer most.C.Male employees differ from others.D.Male employees complain about the situation.问题5选项A.in a different situationB.pai

14、d a little bit moreC.more respectedD.just like men【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. According to the passage, which of the following describes the study CORRECTLY? 1. 根据文章，关于这项研究下列哪项描述是正确的？A. It was conducted by a Denmark firm. A. 它是由一家丹麦公司进行的。B. It was a large-scale and longitudinal study

15、 B. 这是一项大规模的纵向研究。C. It was a systematic and time-consuming study. C. 这是一项系统而耗时的研究。D. It tracked the salaries of ten employees from every firm. D. 它跟踪调查了每家公司十名员工的工资。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段的内容“下月即将在行政管理学季刊上发表的一项研究报告显示，当男性雇主有了孩子之后，员工的薪水会发生怎样的变化。1996年至2006年间，研究人员在丹麦对所有雇员人数十人以上的公司的员工薪水进行了跟踪调查（调查范围限于男性雇主，

16、部分原因是由于女性雇主的样本过小）。”可知，这项研究对丹麦所有雇员超过十人的公司都进行了调查，目的是比较员工的薪水在男性雇主有孩子之后有什么变化规律，这是一种纵向分析的调查，所以推断这项研究是一项大型的纵向研究，纵向研究(longitudinal study)也叫追踪研究，是指在一段相对长的时间内对同一个或同一批被试进行重复的研究。B项“这是一项大规模的纵向研究”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“它是由一家丹麦公司进行的”文中没有提及，属于无中生有；C项“这是一项系统而耗时的研究”根据解题思路可知，这项研究跨度十年，是一项耗时的研究，但是文中并没有依据能推断这项研究是系统的，所以该项曲解原文；D项

17、它追踪了每家公司十名员工的工资”根据解题思路可知，这项研究调查的是员工超过十人的公司的员工薪水，不是每家公司十名员工的工资，该项曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. According to the passage, once they become fathers, male bosses tend to _. 2. 根据这篇文章，男性老板一旦成为父亲，他们往往会_。A. pay more to those with sons A. 给那些有儿子的人更多的钱B. make the firm earn more money B. 让公司赚更多的钱C. differ due to factors s

18、uch as age etc. C. 因年龄等因素而不同D. take more money from their underlings D. 从下属那里拿走更多的钱【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“事实证明，男性雇主在成为父亲之后，会对自己的薪酬更加慷慨”，以及第四段第二句“研究发现，超出的这部分钱来自员工的口袋”，综合理解可知，男性雇主一旦成为父亲，他们会给自己加薪，但是这部分钱却是来自于员工，所以D项“从下属那里拿走更多的钱”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“给那些有儿子的人更多的钱”根据第四段第三句“已为人父的老板手下员工的工资通常相对较低”可知，该项属于反向干扰；B项“

19、让公司赚更多的钱”没有提及，无中生有；C项“因年龄等因素而不同”根据第三段第二句“尽管此项研究对年龄、任职时间、公司业绩等因素进行了控制，但还是发现，生女儿的老板付给自己的薪酬比没有孩子的老板高出百分之三点五”可知，即便进行了年龄等因素的控制，研究还是发现男性雇主成为父亲之后就会给自己加薪，也就是说这不受年龄等因素的影响，所以该项反向干扰。3.【选项释义】3. The study reveals that upon stepping into fatherhood, _. 3. 研究显示，当成为父亲后，_。A. employees need to work harder than bosses

20、 A. 员工需要比老板更努力工作B. bosses and employees differ in their options of duty B. 老板和雇员的职责选择不同C. both bosses and employees need to earn more money C. 老板和员工都需要赚更多的钱D. bosses are more agreeable than employees D. 老板比员工更讨人喜欢【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段倒数第三句“该研究报告的作者之一哥伦比亚商学院的David Ross表示，所有父亲都会感到有挣钱养家的责任”可知，当一个男性成为了

21、父亲，不管是老板还是普通员工都需要赚更多的钱养家，C项“老板和员工都需要赚更多的钱”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“员工需要比老板更努力工作”根据解题思路可知，老板和员工都一样要努力赚钱，该项曲解原文；B项“老板和雇员的职责选择不同”和D项“老板比员工更讨人喜欢”没有提及，这两项无中生有。4.【选项释义】4. What does the sentence “Male employees bear the grunt” in paragraph 4 mean? 4. 第四段中“Male employees bear the brunt”这句话是什么意思？A. Male employees are

22、angry. A. 男员工很生气。B. Male employees suffer most. B. 男性员工遭受的损失最大。C. Male employees differ from others. C. 男性员工与其他员工不同。D. Male employees complain about the situation. D. 男员工抱怨这种情况。【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段最后一句“男性雇员bear the brunt：譬如说，如果老板的孩子是儿子，预计男员工的工资可能会比老板没有孩子的情况少0.5%”，从中可知，如果男性雇主的孩子是儿子，那么雇主将增加自己的薪

23、酬，而这部分额外的薪酬来自于员工，男性员工的工资会比没有孩子的男性雇主少，也就是说男性员工将承受损失，故推断Male employees bear the brunt表达的意思是“男性首当其冲地受到工资低的待遇”，故B项“男性员工遭受的损失最大”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“男员工很生气”、C项“男性员工与其他员工不同”和D项“男员工抱怨这种情况”在原文没有依据，属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. After the bosss first child, compared with males, female workers are _. 5. 老板生完第一个孩子后，与男性相比，女性员工_。A

24、 in a different situation A. 所处境遇不同B. paid a little bit more B. 工资要稍微高一些C. more respected C. 更受尊重D. just like men D. 和男性员工一样【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据最后一段前两句“女性员工要好过一些。老板有了第一个孩子以后，预计她们的工资可能会提高一点。”可知，老板生完第一个孩子后，与男性相比，女性员工的待遇会好一点，A项“所处境遇不同”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“工资要稍微高一些”，文中只提到女性工资会有所增加，并没有说明是否比男性员工的工资高，该项属于曲解原文；C项

25、更受尊重”根据最后一段第三句“罗斯先生猜测，这可能是因为刚刚看到妻子经历分娩，老板开始更加尊重妇女的原因”可知，受到尊重只是罗斯的个人猜测，该项出处错位；D项“和男性员工一样”根据解题思路可知，该项属于反向干扰。4. 单选题It is _ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.问题1选项A.abruptB.absurdC.adverseD.addictive【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. abrupt突然的，意外的 B. absurd荒谬的，荒唐的C. adverse不利的，有害的

26、D. addictive使人上瘾的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据主语从句的内容“女人做同样的工作却得到比男人少的报酬”可知，做同样的工作，女人的报酬比男人的少，这是荒谬的，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】女人做同样的工作却得到比男人少的报酬，这是荒谬的。5. 不定项选择题Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child-rearing, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is simply the resu

27、lt of being a second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each others deficiencies and build on each others strengths.Fathers also bring an array of unique qualities. Some are familiar: protector and role model. Teenag

28、e boys without fathers are notoriously prone to trouble. The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier, but they must still learn from their fathers, in ways they cannot from their mothers, how to relate to men. They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust, intimacy and differe

29、nce. They learn to appreciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives. Most important, through loving and being loved by their fathers, they learn that they are love-worthy.Current research gives much deeper, and more surprising, insight into the fathers role in chi

30、ld-rearing. One significantly overlooked dimension of fathering is play. From their childrens birth through adolescence, fathers tend to emphasize play more than caretaking. The fathers style of play is likely to be both physically stimulating and exciting. With older children it involves more teamw

31、ork, requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills. It frequently resembles a teaching relationship: come on, let me show you how. Mothers play more at the childs level. They seem willing to let the child direct play.Kids, at least in the early years, seem to prefer to play with daddy.

32、 In one study of 2.5-year olds who were given a choice, more than two-thirds chose to play with their father.The way fathers paly has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement. It is particularly important in promoting self-control. According to o

33、ne expert, “children who roughhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable.” They learn when to “shut it down.”At play and in other realms, fathers tend to stress competition, challenge, initiative, risk-taking and independence.

34、Mothers, as caretakers, stress emotional security and personal safety. On the playground fathers often try to get the child to swing ever higher, while mothers are cautious, worrying about an accident.We know, too, that fathers involvement seems to be linked to improved verbal and problem-solving sk

35、ills and higher academic achievement. Several studies found that along with paternal strictness, the amount of time fathers spent reading with them was a strong predictor of their daughters verbal ability.Form sons the results have been equally striking. Studies uncovered a strong relationship betwe

36、en fathers involvement and the mathematical abilities of their sons. Other studies found a relationship between paternal nurturing and boys verbal intelligence.1. The first paragraph points out that one of the advantages of a family with both parents is _.2. According to paragraph 3, one significant

37、 difference between the fathers and mothers role in child-rearing is _.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?4. Studies investigating fathers involvement in child-rearing show that _.5. The writers main point in writing this article is _.问题1选项A.husband and wife can share houseworkB.two adults

38、 are always better than oneC.the fundamental importance of mothers can be fully recognizedD.husband and wife can compensate for each others shortcomings问题2选项A.the style of play encouragedB.the amount of time availableC.the strength of emotional tiesD.the emphasis of intellectual development问题3选项A.Mo

39、thers tend to stress personal safety less than fathers.B.Boys are likely to benefit more from their fathers caring.C.Fathers tend to encourage creativeness and independence.D.Girls learn to read more quickly with the help of their fathers.问题4选项A.this improve kids mathematical and verbal abilitiesB.t

40、he more time spent with kids, the better they speakC.the more strict the fathers are, the cleverer the kidsD.girls usually do better than boys academically问题5选项A.to warm society of increasing social problemsB.to emphasize the fathers role in the familyC.to discuss the responsibilities of fathersD.to

41、 show sympathy for one-parent families【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The first paragraph points out that one of the advantages of a family with both parents is _. 1. 第一段指出双亲家庭的优势之一是_。A. husband and wife can share housework A. 丈夫和妻子可以分担家务B. two adults are always better than one B. 两个大人总比

42、一个大人强C. the fundamental importance of mothers can be fully recognized C. 母亲的根本重要性可以得到充分认可D. husband and wife can compensate for each others shortcomings D. 丈夫和妻子可以弥补彼此的缺点【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段，根据最后一句“两个成年人可以互相支持，弥补彼此的不足（make up for each others deficiencies），并建立在彼此的优势之上”可知，双亲家庭的优势之一是两个成年人可以互相支持，

43、弥补彼此的缺点，所以D项“丈夫和妻子可以弥补彼此的缺点”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“丈夫和妻子可以分担家务”和B项“两个大人总比一个大人强”符合生活常识，但是第一段并未提到，这两项无中生有；C项“母亲的根本重要性可以得到充分认可”在第一段第一句有提到“很少有人怀疑母亲在抚养孩子方面的根本重要性，但是父亲们做什么呢？”，但该项表述太片面，属于曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. According to paragraph 3, one significant difference between the fathers and mothers role in child-rearing is _.

44、 2. 根据第三段，父亲和母亲在抚养孩子方面的一个重要区别是_。A. the style of play encouraged A. 所鼓励的游戏方式B. the amount of time available B. 可供使用的时间C. the strength of emotional ties C. 情感联系的强度D. the emphasis of intellectual development D. 对智力发展的重视【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先定位至第三段，第一二句提到“目前的研究对父亲在抚养孩子中的作用给出了更深入、更令人惊讶的见解。为人父亲的一个明显被忽视的方面是玩耍

45、可知，父亲在抚养孩子中最容易被忽视的方面是玩耍，然后后面描述了父亲和母亲对于孩子玩耍的两种不同方式：“父亲的游戏风格更加倾向于身心的激励。对于年龄较大的孩子，这需要更多的团队合作，需要对身体和智力技能进行竞争性测试。它常常类似于一种教学关系母亲与孩子之间的玩耍多在孩子们的孩童时期。他们似乎愿意让孩子们直接玩。”，从中可知，父亲和母亲在鼓励孩子们玩耍上，所用的是两种完全不同的方式，父亲会教孩子如何玩耍，而母亲则更乐意让孩子直接玩，综合理解可推断，父亲和母亲在抚养孩子方面的一个重要区别是对于鼓励孩子们玩耍的方式，A项“所鼓励的游戏方式”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“可供使用的时间”没有提及，无

46、中生有；C项“情感联系的强度”和D项“对智力发展的重视”都是父亲和母亲对待游戏方面不同的鼓励方式所表现出来的差异，最根本的区别还是在于所鼓励的游戏方式不同，这两项属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following statements is TRUE? 3. 下列哪个陈述是正确的？A. Mothers tend to stress personal safety less than fathers. A. 母亲往往比父亲更少强调个人安全。B. Boys are likely to benefit more from their fathers caring. B.

47、 男孩可能会从父亲的关爱中获益更多。C. Fathers tend to encourage creativeness and independence. C. 父亲倾向于鼓励创造性和独立性。D. Girls learn to read more quickly with the help of their fathers. D. 女孩在父亲的帮助下学习阅读更快。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据倒数第三段第一句“在游戏和其他领域，父亲往往强调竞争、挑战、主动、冒险和独立（competition, challenge, initiative, risk-taking and independence）”可知，父亲倾向于鼓励孩子们竞争、挑战、主动、冒险和独立，其中initiative也可以表示“首创精神”，是creativeness 的同义转