2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷25附答案带详解.docx
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1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷(附答案带详解)1. 单选题Hope helps. It keeps us going in bleak times and amid ( ) news. But hope has more credibility when we can point to the reason for it.问题1选项A.disheartenedB.dishearteningC.enlighteningD.enlightened【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。disheartening “使沮丧”;disheartened“沮丧的”;enlighten
2、ing“使人领悟的” ;enlightened“被启发的”。根据题意,空格中的形容词用来形容news,形容物体用-ing形式的形容词,选项A,D可排除。句意:希望是有帮助的。在暗淡的时光和令人沮丧的消息中,能够保持继续前进。但是希望更让人信服,当我们有理由去相信的时候。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题The core spirit was that businesses should always be permitted to develop any area ( ) profits could be found, and ( ) this was the most efficient use
3、of resources for an economy.问题1选项A.when . whatB.that. whichC.where . thatD.for which . where【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据句子结构,可知第一个空格引导定语从句,修饰前面的名字area,所以应该填入关系副词where,表示“在这个领域”,选项A、B和D可排除。第二个空格引导的表语从句和前面的表语从句形成并列关系,所以也应该由引导词that引导。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The accusations we bring against others should be ( ) ourselves; we
4、should not complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct.问题1选项A.denigration of excludeB.instructions to. equateC.parodies of. satirizeD.warnings to. justify【答案】D【解析】固定搭配和动词词义辨析。denigration of “低毁”;exclude “排除”;instructions “指令,说明”;equate “使相等”;parodies of “效仿”;satirize
5、讽刺,挖苦”; warnings to “警告”;justify “证明是正当的”。句意:我们对他人的指责应该是对自己的一种警告;我们不应该自满,也不应该对我们自己的道德行为轻易地做出判断。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题There is no doubt that dishonest or ( )acquisition of information is usually overwhelming evidence that information was confidential and not part of the defendants skill and knowledge.问题1选项A
6、blatantB.surreptitiousC.suspiciousD.conspicuous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。blatant “喧嚣的,炫耀的”;surreptitious “秘密的”;suspicious “可疑的”;conspicuous “显而易见的”。句意:毫无疑问,不诚实或秘密获取的信息通常是压倒性的证据,表明这种信息是机密的,不属于辩护人员技能和知识的一部分。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The term folk custom is very broad, but it has been used by folklorists to refer to those
7、 shared patterns of behaviors in a particular folk group. Those patterns of behaviors are regarded as the traditional and established ways of members of the particular folk group. Folk custom is transmitted by Word of mouth, demonstration or imitation. The folklore and folk customs of England are ri
8、ch and varied. Many customs are ancient, and passed down generation after generation from our Germanic and Celtic ancestors. Others are more modem creations.One of the greatest problems in assessing most accounts of folk customs is that they tend to give only the antiquarys point of view. After all,
9、 to most observers, the people they were looking at were simple and illiterate, unmindful of the true significance of the customs they had preserved. Why question them at length if they didnt understand the essential nature of what they were doing? So a folklorist is likely to emphasize aspects of a
10、 tradition which reflect his or her own interests or which fit in with preconceived ideas, while possibly ignoring or giving only passing mention to aspects which may, in fact, be of equal importance.One aspect which generally gets left out of accounts is the viewpoint of the participants themselves
11、 for instance, why they indulge in a particular activity at a particular time of year or of their lives and what feelings they experience while doing so. And now, ideas deriving from folklore studies ate so -widespread that they may easily have become an integral part of the attitude of the partici
12、pants in a custom. So the folklorist is rather like a man staring at a scene in a mirror who must be aware, to fully understand that scene, that his own reflection is a major part of what he is looking at.It is, however, also true to say that many contemporary students of folklore arc fully aware of
13、 the problems which beset their enquiries. Like true scientists they draw their conclusions by looking at available evidence, rather-than selecting evidence which fits in with existing theories. Some have also looked away from the obviously ancient and turned their attention to folklore where it thr
14、ives, in the social life of modern cities, in industry and sport, etc. They may, for example, end up looking at the lore of the motor car, or of popular music, and at customs which, though they have no hints of paganism, nevertheless have much in common with the older activities which do.Many folklo
15、rists have gradually come to the conclusion that folklore is not necessarily a thing of the past, a relic of ancient and outmoded ways of thinking, but the means by which people try to make sense of the world (or to confront its lack of sense) and try to alleviate boredom and suffering.1.The best ti
16、tle for the passage is probably ( ).2.The early accounts of folk customs are unreliable because ( ).3.The reason why studying folklore is difficult today is that ( ).4.What is new about folklorists today?5.What does participation in folk customs mean to people?问题1选项A.Folklore and Folk CustomsB.Probl
17、ems and Tendency of Folk CustomsC.The Revival of Folk CustomsD.Folklore and Folklorists问题2选项A.folklorists undervalued the opinions of the participantsB.the participants did not reveal the significance of their customsC.the participants were not aware of the meaning of their customsD.folklorists did
18、not consider the participants smart enough to answer the questions问题3选项A.participants are now influenced by earlier studies of their activitiesB.participants insist on the accuracy of their own interpretationsC.folklorists are too concerned to justify their own theoriesD.folklorists are often misled
19、 by unreliable earlier studies问题4选项A.They are now more cautious about the evidence they accept.B.They want to investigate the more obscure areas of folklore.C.They are studying the creation of folklore in present-day society.D.They want to discover the link between paganism and social customs.问题5选项A
20、It enables them to escape the problems of the modem world.B.It is an attempt to reconstruct what is lost forever.C.It can be a means of regaining ancient wisdom.D.It can be of psychological benefit to them.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨题。纵观全文,文章第一段介绍了民间习俗的概念,以及民间习俗的表现形式。文章第二段提到了民俗评估者对大多数记载民俗
21、进行的评估。根据文章第三段开头“One aspect which generally gets left out of accounts is the viewpoint of the participants themselves”,可知通常被忽视的这个方面就是民俗传承人自己 的观点。第四段谈及研究民俗的学生能确切意识到一些问题。最后一段是全文的总结,主要讲述了民俗学者对民俗的结论和理解。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段,“to most observers, the people they were looking at were simple and illiterate,
22、 unmindful of the true significance of the customs they had preservedSo a folklorist is likely to emphasize aspects of a tradition which reflect his or her own interests or which fit in with preconceived ideasbe of equal importance.”,可知大多数观察者找的都是一些朴素的人,甚至是文盲,并不理解所保存习俗的真正含义,所以民俗家最终只维护自己的兴趣。可推断出民俗家忽略了
23、参与者的观点。选项A符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段,“And now, ideas deriving from folklore studies ate so -widespread that they may easily have become an integral part of the attitude of the participants in a custom. So the folklorist is rather like a man staring at a scene in a mirror”,可知民俗研究的结论普遍流传,这些结论很容易影响民俗传承人观点,所以
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