2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库难点易错点剖析附答案有详解41.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题It is obvious that this applicable to everyone without _.问题1选项A.exceptionB.excisionC.modificationD.substitution【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. exception一般情况以外的人（或事物）；例外 B. excision切除；删除C. modification改进；改变 D. substitution代替；替换【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息applicable to ever

2、yone（适用于每一个人）可知，每个人都适用，也就是说没有一个例外，without exception是常见用法，表示“无例外地，全部”，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】显然，这适用于每个人，无一例外。2. 单选题They are well _ with each other since they once studied in the same university.问题1选项A.acquaintedB.recognizedC.acknowledgedD.identified【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. acquainted熟悉；了解 B. recogni

3、zed辨别出；意识到C. acknowledged承认（属实） D. identified确认；认出【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据since原因状语从句的内容“因为他们曾在同一所大学学习”可推知，They are well _ with each other表示的是“他们互相了解、熟悉对方”，所以空格处表示“熟悉”，而be acquainted with也是常见搭配，表示“与相识；了解”，所以该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C项不符合句意；D项指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等，不符合句意。【句意】因为他们曾在同一所大学学习，所以彼此很熟悉。3. 单选题He does not

4、 his workmate, and there are often disagreements between them.问题1选项A.go on withB.put up withC.get along withD.keep up with【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. go on with继续；进行 B. put up with忍受，容忍C. get along with与和睦相处；取得进展 D. keep up with赶得上；和保持联系【答案】C【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句“他们之间经常有分歧”可知，他和他的同事之间的关系不是很好，所以空格处表示“和睦相处”符合句

5、意，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。【句意】他和他的同事相处不好，他们之间经常有分歧。4. 单选题His temper and personality show that he can become a soldier of the top _.问题1选项A.circleB.rankC.categoryD.grade【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. circle圆圈 B. rank（尤指较高的）地位，级别C. category（人或事物的）类别，种类 D. grade等级，品级【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词soldier和top可知，此处是指最高军

6、衔的军人，而rank指人在社会中的地位或等级，尤指军队中的军衔，符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C项不符合句意；D项是指按照地位或优劣划分的等级，是比较宽泛的等级，放在句中不恰当。【句意】他的脾气和个性表明他能成为一名有最高军衔的军人。5. 单选题Though steam engines have now passed the _ of their usefulness, their heritage remains.问题1选项A.primeB.eraC.epochD.date【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. prime年富力强的时期；鼎盛时期 B. era时代；年代C. epo

7、ch纪元；时期 D. date日期；日子【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息passed the _ of their usefulness（过了它们使用的_）和主句their heritage remains（但它的传统依然存在）可推知，该句表示的是“即使蒸汽机过了当初的鼎盛时期，但它的传统依然存在至今”，空格处表示“鼎盛时期”符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C项都是指历史上的一段时期，尤指发生重要事件或变化的时期，不符合句意；D项不符合句意。【句意】尽管蒸汽机现在已不再有用，但它的传统依然存在。6. 单选题Passage 1The medical world

8、is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places, some of the countrys most talented artists have been called

9、in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2,500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms.These recent initiatives owe a great deal to on

10、e artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 5000 visitors each w

11、eek. What a better place to hold regular exhibitions of art? Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to be Britains first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team

12、of six young art school graduates.The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards.The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illn

13、ess. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.21. According to the passage, “to soften the hard edges of modern buildings” means _.22. What can we say of Pe

14、ter Senior?23. According to Peter Senior, _.24. After the improvement of the hospital environment, _.25. The fact that six young art school graduates joined Peter shows that _.问题1选项A.to pull down hospital buildingsB.to decorate hospitals with art collectionsC.to improve the quality of treatment in h

15、ospitalsD.to make the corners of hospitals buildings round问题2选项A.He is a pioneer in introducing art into hospitals.B.He is a doctor interested in painting.C.He is an artist who has a large collection of paintings.D.He is a faithful follower of hospital art.问题3选项A.art is losing its audience in modern

16、 societyB.art galleries should be changed into hospitalsC.patients should be encouraged to learn paintingD.art should be encouraged in British hospitals问题4选项A.patients no longer need drugs in their recoveryB.patients are no longer wholly dependent on expensive drugsC.patients need good-quality drugs

17、 in their recoveryD.patients use fewer pain killers in their recovery问题5选项A.Peters enterprise is developing greatlyB.Peter Senior enjoys great popularityC.they are talented hospital artistsD.the role of hospital environment is being recognized【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】21.【选项释义】21. According t

18、o the passage, “to soften the hard edges of modern buildings” means _. 21. 根据这篇文章，“软化现代建筑的硬边”意味着_。A. to pull down hospital buildings A. 拆除医院建筑B. to decorate hospitals with art collections B. 用艺术收藏品装饰医院C. to improve the quality of treatment in hospitals C. 提高医院的治疗质量D. to make the corners of hospitals

19、 buildings round D. 使医院建筑的角落成为圆形【答案】B【考查点】语义推测题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段第一句“作为英国全国范围内将艺术带出画廊、带到公共场所的努力的一部分，英国一些最有才华的艺术家被请来改造旧医院，并软化现代建筑的硬边”，从中理解可知，软化现代建筑的硬边是将艺术带出画廊、带到公共场所的努力的一部分，也就是说“软化现代建筑的硬边”意味着让艺术家用艺术品来装饰医院，故B项“用艺术收藏品装饰医院”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“拆除医院建筑”和D项“使医院建筑的角落成为圆形”原文都没有依据，这两项属于无中生有；C项“提高医院的治疗质量”是艺术改变医院的环境质量

20、的结果，而不是“软化现代建筑的硬边”的隐含内容，该项属于张冠李戴。22.【选项释义】22. What can we say of Peter Senior? 22. 我们对彼得知道一些什么呢？A. He is a pioneer in introducing art into hospitals. A. 他是把艺术引入医院的先驱。B. He is a doctor interested in painting. B. 他是一个对绘画感兴趣的医生。C. He is an artist who has a large collection of paintings. C. 他是一位收藏了大量绘画作

21、品的艺术家。D. He is a faithful follower of hospital art. D. 他是医院艺术的忠实追随者。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“这些最近的创想在很大程度上要归功于一位艺术家彼得，他在1970年早期在英格兰东北部的曼彻斯特医院建立了自己的工作室”和第四段最后一句“彼得被认为是英国第一个医院艺术家（Britains first hospital artist）”理解可知，彼得是第一个把艺术引入医院的艺术家，所以A项“他是把艺术引入医院的先驱”符合原文，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项“他是一个对绘画感兴趣的医生”，原文交代了彼

22、得是一位艺术家，该项属于曲解原文；C项“他是一位收藏了大量绘画作品的艺术家”在原文没有提及，该项属于无中生有；D项“他是医院艺术的忠实追随者”，原文第三段最后一句只提到“他（彼得）觉得艺术家已经失去了在现代社会的地位，艺术应该被更广泛的观众所欣赏”，并没有说明彼得是医院艺术的忠实追随者，该项属于曲解原文。23.【选项释义】23. According to Peter Senior, _. 23. 根据彼得的说法，_。A. art is losing its audience in modern society A. 在现代社会，艺术正在失去它的观众B. art galleries should

23、 be changed into hospitals B. 美术馆应该改成医院C. patients should be encouraged to learn painting C. 应该鼓励病人学习绘画D. art should be encouraged in British hospitals D. 英国医院应该鼓励艺术【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“他（彼得）觉得艺术家已经失去了在现代社会的地位，艺术应该被更广泛的观众所欣赏”可知，彼得认为艺术家在现代社会失去地位，而艺术本应该被更多的观众欣赏，也就是说现代社会中的艺术正在失去它的观众，故该题选择A项“

24、在现代社会，艺术正在失去它的观众”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“美术馆应该改成医院”，彼得没有这样认为，该项属于无中生有；C项“应该鼓励病人学习绘画”和D项“英国医院应该鼓励艺术”文中也都没有提到，这两项也属于无中生有。24.【选项释义】24. After the improvement of the hospital environment, _. 24. 经过医院环境的改善，_。A. patients no longer need drugs in their recovery A. 病人在恢复期不再需要药物B. patients are no longer wholly dependen

25、t on expensive drugs B. 病人不再完全依赖昂贵的药物C. patients need good-quality drugs in their recovery C. 病人在康复过程中需要高质量的药物D. patients use fewer pain killers in their recovery D. 患者在康复过程中使用较少的止痛药【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据最后一段的内容“当病人从疾病中恢复时，环境质量可能会减少对昂贵药物的需求。一项研究表明，能看到花园的病人需要的强效止痛药的数量是那些看不到花园或只能看到一堵砖墙的病人的一半。”理解可知，经

26、过医院环境的改善，病人在康复过程中对止痛药的需求减少了，D项“患者在康复过程中使用较少的止痛药”符合原文，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“病人在恢复期不再需要药物”，病人只是减少了对药物的需求，并非不再需要，该项属于曲解原文；B项“病人不再完全依赖昂贵的药物”，病人减少对昂贵药物的需求，该项也属于曲解原文；C项“病人在康复过程中需要高质量的药物”文中没有提及，该项属于无中生有。25.【选项释义】25. The fact that six young art school graduates joined Peter shows that _. 25. 六名年轻的艺术学校毕业生加入彼得的行列

27、表明_。A. Peters enterprise is developing greatly A. 彼得的事业发展迅速B. Peter Senior enjoys great popularity B. 彼得很受欢迎C. they are talented hospital artists C. 他们是有才华的医院艺术家D. the role of hospital environment is being recognized D. 医院环境的作用正在被认识【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第四段最后一句“彼得被认为是英国第一个医院艺术家，他非常受欢迎，很快就有六个

28、年轻的艺术学校毕业生加入了他的团队”，此前提到“彼得在曼彻斯特皇家医院的门诊候诊室举办了他自己的第一次画展”，而根据文章内容，在医院举办画展的原因是改造医院环境，而第五段第一句提到“其效果是显著的”，可知在医院办画展效果很好，这与第一段“医学界逐渐认识到，医院的环境质量在病人康复过程中可能发挥重要作用”相对应，所以推断，六名年轻的艺术毕业生加入彼得的行业，表明医院环境的作用正在被大家认识到，故该题选择D项“医院环境的作用正在被认识”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“彼得的事业发展迅速”和C项“他们是有才华的医院艺术家”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有；B项“彼得很受欢迎”，在原文是指在医院举办艺术

29、展览受到欢迎，与题干无关，该项属于出处错位。7. 单选题Last night he saw two dark _ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.问题1选项A.featuresB.figuresC.sketchesD.images【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. features特征 B. figures（代表数量，尤指官方资料中的）数字；人物；（隐约可见的）人影C. sketches素描；速写 D. images形象；印象【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句“然后就发生了爆炸”可推知，大楼爆炸是人为的

30、所以dark _表示“黑色的人影”，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】昨晚他看到两个黑影进入大楼，然后就发生了爆炸。8. 单选题Passage threeToo many vulnerable child-free adults are being ruthlessly (无情的) manipulated into parent-hood by their parents , who think that happiness among older people depends on having a grand-child to spoil. We need a

31、n organization to help beat down the persistent campaigns of grand-childless parents. Its time to establish Planned Grandparenthood, which would have many global and local benefits.Part of its mission would be to promote the risks and realities associated with being a grandparent. The staff would in

32、clude depressed grandparents who would explain how grandkids break lamps, bite, scream and kick. Others would detail how an hour of baby-sitting often turns into a crying marathon. More grandparents would testify that they had to pay for their grandchilds expensive college education.Planned grandpar

33、enthoods carefully written literature would detail all the joys of life grand-child-free a calm living room, extra money for luxuries during the golden years, etc. Potential grandparents would be reminded that, without grandchildren around, its possible to have a conversation with your kids, who inc

34、identally would have more time for their own parents.Meanwhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grand-childless parents aiming to persuade their kids to produce children. They will take a call from a persistent parent, even if theyre loaded with works. In addition,

35、some parents make handsome money offers payable upon the grandchilds birth. Sometimes these gifts not only cover expenses associated with the infants birth, but extras, too, like a vacation. In any case, cash gifts can weaken the resolve of even the noblest person.At Planned Grandparenthood, childre

36、n targeted by their parents to reproduce could obtain non-biased information about the insanity of having their own kids. The catastrophic psychological and economic costs of childbearing would be emphasized. The symptoms of morning sickness would be listed and horrors of childbirth pictured. A mont

37、hly newsletter would contain stories about overwhelmed parents and offer guidance on how childless adults can respond to the different lobbying tactics that would-be grandparents employ.When I think about all the problems of our overpopulated world and look at our boy grabbing at the lamp by the sof

38、a, I wish I could have turned to Planned Grandparenthood when my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me.If I could have, I might not be in this parenthood predicament (窘境). But heres the crazy irony, I dont want my child-free life back. Dylans too much fun.31. Whats the purpose of the pro

39、posed organization Planned Grandparenthood?32. Planned Grandparenthood would include depressed grandparents on its staff in order to _.33. According to the passage, some couples may eventually choose to have children because _.34. By saying “my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me” (Par

40、a. 6), the author means that _.35. What does the author really of the idea of having children?问题1选项A.To discourage people from insisting on having grandchildren.B.To offer counseling to people on how to raise grandchildren.C.To provide facilities and services for grand-childless parents.D.To encoura

41、ge childless couples to have children.问题2选项A.share their experience in raising grandchildren in a more scientific wayB.draw attention to the troubles and difficulties grandchildren may causeC.help raise funds to cover the high expense of education for grandchildrenD.show them the joys of life grandp

42、arents may have in raising grandchildren问题3选项A.they have learn from other parents about the joys of having childrenB.they feel more and more lonely ad they grow olderC.they have found it irrational to remain childlessD.they find it hard to resist the carrot-and-stick approach of their parents问题4选项A.

43、her parents asked her to save for the expenses of raising a childB.her parents kept pressuring her to have a childC.her parents liked to have a grandchild in their armsD.her parents kept blaming her for her childs bad behavior问题5选项A.It contributes to overpopulation.B.It is a psychological catastroph

44、e.C.It is troublesome but rewarding.D.It does more harm than good.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】31.【选项释义】31. Whats the purpose of the proposed organization Planned Grandparenthood? 31. 提议祖孙辈计划生育组织的目的是什么？A. To discourage people from insisting on having grandchildren. A. 让人们不要再坚持要孙子孙女了。B. To offer

45、counseling to people on how to raise grandchildren. B. 为人们提供如何抚养孙子孙女的咨询。C. To provide facilities and services for grand-childless parents. C. 为没有孙子孙女的祖父母提供设施和服务。D. To encourage childless couples to have children. D. 鼓励无子女的夫妇生孩子。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后两句“我们需要一个组织来打消上一代对于要孩子的偏执。是时候建立一个祖孙辈计划生育了，这

46、会为当地百姓甚至全世界造福。”理解可知，祖孙辈计划生育组织的目的是打消上一代对于要孙子孙女的偏执，A项“让人们不要再坚持要孙子孙女了”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“为人们提供如何抚养孙子孙女的咨询”，根据第二段第一句“它的部分使命是宣传与做祖父母有关的风险和现实”可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；C项“为没有孙子孙女的祖父母提供设施和服务”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“鼓励无子女的夫妇生孩子”，祖孙辈计划生育是打消父母要孙子孙女的想法，所以该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。32.【选项释义】32. Planned Grandparenthood would include depressed grandparents on its staff in order to _. 32. 祖孙辈计划生育将包括患有抑郁症的祖父母，以便_。A. share their experience in raising grandchildren in a more scientific way A. 分享他们以更科学的方式抚养孙子孙女的经验B. draw attenti