2022年考博英语-全国医学统考考前拔高综合测试题含答案带详解第21期.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-全国医学统考考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题This newly established fund has a range of medical programs undertaken by universities, industrial labs, or university-industry collaborative projects.问题1选项A.cooperativeB.innovativeC.lucrativeD.representative【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. cooperative 合作的 B. innovative 发明的；创

2、造性的C. lucrative 获利多的；有利可图的 D. representative 典型的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】这个新成立的基金的医学项目有一系列由大学、工业实验室或校企项目承担的医学项目。由本句中的“university-industry（校企）”可知是合作项目，所以A选项“合作的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】这个新成立的基金有一系列由大学、工业实验室或校企合作项目承担的医学项目。2. 单选题15.问题1选项A.The Chinese face cream.B.The American face cream.C.The French

3、 perfume.D.The medication.【答案】B【解析】A: My skin has suddenly gone rough and red, and spots keep breaking out. Is there anything I can do?B: Have you used anything different on your face, or have you been on any medication?A: I usually use Chinese face cream, but on my birthday Ive got some very expens

4、ive American face cream. It smells very nice. I wonder if that could be the problem.B: Do you have the face cream with you?A: Yes, here it is.B: It smells very strong. Maybe you are allergic to the perfume in it. I suggest you stop using it immediately.Q: What might be the cause for the womans skin

5、problem?【解析】细节题。医生认为：Maybe you are allergic to the perfume in it，即他认为女士可能对这种面霜过敏。3. 单选题21-25问题1选项A.35million.B.34million.C.25million.D.20million.问题2选项A.Author, professor and dreamerB.Writer, professor and insomniac.C.Author, psychologist and insomniac.D.Dramatist, psychologist and scientist.问题3选项A.S

6、leeping in 8-hour consolidated blocks.B.Sleeping during day time.C.Going to bed soon after dark.D.Two blocks of 4-hour sleep with a waking break.问题4选项A.Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.B.Because they sleep very little.C.Because they are insensitive.D.Because they cant complain.问题5选项A

7、Sleep is highly variable, and wears out with age.B.Falling asleep is a gradual process.C.Sleeping less will help you lose weight.D.People need to sleep eight hours a day.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】Our culture is obsessed with sleep, and the lack of it, yet many of us dont know some basic fact

8、s. (21) As many as 35 million Americans experience chronic insomnia, and yet in 2006 only $20 million was spent on research. (22) In the six years that author, professor and lifelong insomniac Gayle Green spent researching and writing her book “Insomniac”. She learned almost all there is to know abo

9、ut sleep and the lack thereof. Here are five common myths about how we get our shut-eye and why:1. Humans Need Eight Hours Sleep a NightThere are many ways of sleeping and few cultures sleep in eight-hour consolidated blocks like we do. Until the industrial era, many Western Europeans divided the ni

10、ght into “the first sleep”and the “second sleep.” (23) Theyd go to bed soon after dark, sleep for four hours then wake for an hour or two during which theyd write, pray, smoke, have sex or even visit neighbors. In fact, theres some evidence to suggest that this sleep pattern may be the one most in t

11、une with our inherent circadian rhythms.2. Sleep Isnt Just a Bodily FunctionSleep is a biological, physiological system, akin to the cardiovascular system, the nervous system and so on. (25) Like any other system, it is highly variable, and it wears out and gets more fragile with age.3. Animals Dont

12、 Have Sleep ProblemsInsomnia occurs in animals and insects, too, sort of. Technically, (24) insomnia is defined as a “complaint,” and since animals cant complain, its difficult to measure in them.4. Falling Asleep Is a Gradual Process NopeInstead, for most people, it switches on and off like a light

13、 switch. But for insomniacs and narcoleptics, the switch doesnt work quite well. Instead they inhabit the space in between never entirely awake, nor entirely asleep.5. Sleeping Less Burns More CaloriesIn the short term, yes, but sleeping less probably wont help you lose weight. Lack of sleep suppres

14、ses our natural appetite-depressants, while fueling appetite-increasers, often leading to weight gain.21. According to the talk, approximately how many Americans suffer chronic insomnia?【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：As many as 35 million Americans experience chronic insomnia，所以答案为A。22. Which of the following

15、 can best describe Gayle Green?【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：In the six years that author, professor and lifelong insomnia Gayle Green spent researching and writing her book“Insonmniac”. 答案为B。23. Which of the following sleeping patterns might be the most in tune with our inherent biological system?【解析】此题为细节信

16、息再现题。文章中提到： there s some evidence to suggest that this sleep pattern may be the one most in tune with our inherent circadian rhythms.而这里的this sleep pattern指的就是前一句话说的睡觉模式：Theyd go to bed soon after dark, sleep for four hours then wake for an hour or two during which theyd write, pray, smoke, have sex

17、 or even visit neighbors.因而符合这一睡觉模式的是C。24. According to the talk, why is it difficult to measure insomnia in animals?【解析】此题为细节信息再现题。文章中提到：insomnia is defined as a“complaint,”and since animals cant complain, its difficult to measure in them.所以答案为D。25. According to the talk, which of the following is

18、true?【解析】此题可以用排除法，文章中提出五个常见的对睡眠的错误认识。B、C和D正是其中的三个，因而A为答案。4. 单选题16-20问题1选项A.A blood test.B.A gastroscopy (胃镜检查法).C.A chest X-ray exam.D.A barium X-ray exam.问题2选项A.To lose some weight.B.To take a few more tests.C.To sleep on three pillows.D.To eat smaller，lighter meals.问题3选项A.Potato chips.B.chicken.C.

19、Cereal.D.fish.问题4选项A.Ulcer.B.Cancer.C.Depression.D.Hernia.问题5选项A.He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B.He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C.He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D.He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】W: Well,

20、 (16) your barium meal did not show an ulcer. But it did show that you have something we call a hiatus hernia (食管裂孔疝) . Do you know what that is?M: I think my grandmother had one. But I havent much of a clue, really.W: Now Im going to explain how we can try to get rid of your stomach and heartburn p

21、roblems. I think it would help if you were able to lose a bit of weight. Youll be less likely to get the pain if you can eat smaller, lighter meals regularly. Standing upright after eating for a while helps so that your stomach is less likely to come up to your gullet then when you lie flat. Lastly,

22、 Im going to give you some tablets that will stop your stomach from producing acid. Perhaps you could tell me what you feel about it?M: Well, I worry that it might be difficult to eat the meals you suggest, because Im a lorry driver and have to be on the road most of the day. And Im not sure if I wa

23、nt to take those tables.W: Yes, I understand you might have some problems with the diet Im suggesting, especially as roadside cafes usually sell meals with greasy food. However, (18) perhaps you could keep to fish and chicken, and avoid chips and fried eggs. You say youre not keen on taking tablets,

24、 why not?M: A friend of mine had them, and then got worse. And 6 weeks later they found he had stomach cancer.W: I see.so you were worried about having cancer?M: Well, I was a bit. I suppose if my X-ray only showed a hernia, I must be clear. (17) But are there other test you can do to absolutely sur

25、e?W: Yes, there are. (17) But I dont think its necessary to do them at present. Well want to see how you get on over the next few weeks with a change of diet. What about the tablets I suggested? I dont think its possible that they caused your friends cancer.M: (20) I think Id rather try changing my

26、diet first of all. Then, taking the medicine you prescribed for me last time.W: Lets try that for the next 4 weeks. Then, Ill see you again.16. What medical procedure has the man undergone?【解析】对话开头就提到他做了barium meal “钡餐检查”，检查未显示他有溃疡。17. Which of the following is NOT among the doctors suggestions to t

27、he man?【解析】解析对话中，男士问医生是否还需要做其他检查以确诊，医生说不用。故选B。18. According to the doctors advice, which of the following foods should the man avoid?【解析】医生建议男士要注意饮食，可以继续食用鸡肉和鱼肉，但不要吃薯条和煎蛋。故选A。19. What is the doctors diagnosis of the man?【解析】对话开头医生就说通过钡餐检查,未显示溃疡,但确实是hiatus hernia“食管裂孔疝”。20. What will the man do for t

28、he next 4 weeks?【解析】对话最后，男土说他愿意首先尝试调整饮食,然后服用上次医生给开的药。注意这里男士提到的是服用上次医生给开的药，所以C项错误。故选A。5. 单选题He says that constant thirst is an undesirable effect of chemotherapy for which no remedy exists in Western medical practice, but certain herbs do provide relief for such patients.问题1选项A.protectionB.provisionC

29、theoryD.therapy【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. protection 保护 B. provision 条款C. theory 理论 D. therapy 治疗；疗法【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】划线词前的句子意思为“他说，持续的口渴是化疗的不良效果（He says that constant thirst is an undesirable effect of chemotherapy）”，划线词后的句意为“但某些草药确实可以缓解这类患者的症状”，由后半句句意“缓解这类患者的症状”可知西方医学是没有真正能解决化疗的不良效果的方法，即治疗方法，所以D选项“治疗，疗

30、法”符合句意。划线单词remedy“补救措施”。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。【句意】他说，持续的口渴是化疗的不良后果，在西方医学实践中没有任何补救措施，但某些草药确实为这类病人提供缓解。6. 单选题4.问题1选项A.Four days.B.Ten days.C.One week.D.Two weeks.【答案】D【解析】W: Well, Mr. Black, what brought you along today?M: Ive got a pain in my stomach.W: How long have it been bothering you?M: A fortnig

31、ht.Q: How long has the mans stomach ache?【解析】细节题。A fortnight的意思是十四日，两周。7. 单选题2.问题1选项A.She bears noises in her ears day and night.B.She has been overworking for a long time.C.Her right ear, hurt in an accident, is troubling her.D.Her ear rings are giving her trouble day and night.【答案】A【解析】W: My ears

32、are always ringing. Day and night I cant sleep.M: Which is your bad ear?W: My right ear hurts.Q: Why does the woman have trouble sleeping?【解析】女士在对话中说到难以入眠是因为My ears are always ringing（耳朵一直有噪音）。8. 单选题Many problems that we face, such as depression, compulsive and addictive behaviors, and anxiety, resu

33、lt from human inherent desire to seek pleasure.问题1选项A.consecutiveB.excessiveC.obsessiveD.possessive【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. consecutive 连贯的；连续不断的 B. excessive 过多的C. obsessive 强迫性的；着迷的 D. possessive 占有的；所有的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】划线单词前面说我们面临许多行为，这些行为有抑郁和成瘾性行为，以及焦虑，都是一些不好的行为，划线处单词与这些行为并列，由此可知划线处单词也是不好的行为。所以C选项

34、强迫性”符合题意。划线单词compulsive“强迫性的”。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】我们所面临的许多问题，如抑郁、强迫性和成瘾行为，以及焦虑，都是源于人类内在的寻求快乐的欲望。9. 单选题3.问题1选项A.It is fast.B.It is slow.C.It works well.D.It is not working.【答案】B【解析】W: Can that clock be right, 10:30?M: That clock is always off. Its 11:05.Q: What is true about the clock?【解析】细节题。从

35、对话两个时间点可知，这个钟慢了。10. 单选题5.问题1选项A.Her daughter likes ball games.B.Her daughter is an excellent girl.C.She and her daughter are good friends.D.She and her daughter wont understand each other.【答案】D【解析】W: Ive been so worried about my daughter. Shes so different in temperament from me. We are not always o

36、n the same wheeling. M: Thats quite common with mothers and daughters. W: She is a further personality and very much on the ball, but she is an excitable child. Q: What does the woman mean? 【解析】常用习语。女士说：We are not always on the same wheeling，意思是他们经常无法达成一致。11. 单选题26-30问题1选项A.She is too hard on me.B.S

37、he asks too many questions.C.She is always considerate of my feelings.D.She is the meanest mother in the neighborhood.问题2选项A.A university instructor.B.A teaching assistant.C.A Ph.D.student. D. A psychiatrist.问题3选项A.They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.They usually wait and see.D.They usually

38、 refuse to say anything.问题4选项A.They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.They are psychologically dependent.D.Their brains are still immature in some areas.问题5选项A.Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.Say no to your teen when necessary.D.Dont care about your teens feelings

39、答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】(26)I am the meanest mother in the neighborhood. Im too strict. I ask too many questions. No one elses parents are as difficult as I am. Dont I know that all the cool kids are out until 2:00 or 3:00 in the morning and can go wherever they want? This is the point of

40、view of my 16-year-old daughter. Although she is frequently annoyed when I try to gather what I consider basic information- about where shes going, whos driving, and what the plan is for getting homeI know she is also relieved that someone is watching out for her.Discipline-or, to use todays more po

41、pular phrase, setting limitstakes on a whole new meaning when your child hits adolescence. “When kids are young and do something unsafe,parents have no trouble saying no,” says (27) Daniel Kindlon, Ph. D., assistant professor of child psychology at the Harvard School of Public Health, who has two da

42、ughters, 15 and 12. “You dont care that your two-year-old cries if you dont let him put the fork in the toaster. (28) But saying yes to your teen can almost become a reflex, because you so desperately want to avoid conflict.” New research confirms what parents have known all along: adolescents simpl

43、y lack the ability to make smart decisions consistently. For example, peer relationships- which are so important to teenagers can easily overwhelm the need to be safe. Scientists have discovered that this has to do with the way the human brain grows. (29) During the teen years, the brain develops ra

44、pidly, but some areas mature much earlier than others. (30)But you have to hold the line. Your teen is secretly counting on you to do so. And too much is at stake if you dont.26. What would the speakers daughter least likely say about her mother?【解析】根据录音开头可知，在女儿心里，她的母亲是一个刻薄、严厉、问题多的母亲，只有C项与录音内容不符。故选C

45、27. What does Daniel Kindlon do?【解析】根据录音内容“Daniel Kindlon, Ph. D., assistant professor of child psychology at the Harvard School of Public Health”可知，他是哈佛公共卫生学院儿童心理学助理教授。故选A。28. According to Kindlon, how do parents usually respond to their teensrequests?【解析】根据录音内容“But saying yes to your teen can alm

46、ost become a reflex, because you so desperately want to avoid conflict”可知，对青春期的孩子说“是”几乎是一种本能反应，因为你非常不愿意产生摩擦。故选B。29. Why are adolescents unable to make smart decisions consistently, according to scientists?【解析】根据录音内容“During the teen years, the brain develops rapidly, but some areas mature much earlier than others”可知，青少年阶段大脑发育不平衡，有些区域还未发育成熟。故选D。30. What would the speaker advise parents to do?【解析】根据录音内容“But you have to hold the line. Your teen