2022年考博英语-山东大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷附带答案与详解第20期.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 翻译题According to a growing body of experience, the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.【答案】根据越来越多的亲身体验，许多制成塑料制品的化学用品可能会移动到食物和流体上，最终进入你的体内。2. 单选题Since the island soil has been barre

2、n for so many years, the natives must now _ much of their food.问题1选项A.deliverB.importC.produceD.develop【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deliver “交付，递送”；import “输入，进口”；produce “生产，引起”；develop “发展，进步”。句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠，当地人现在必须进口大多数食物。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题（ ）what has been said，it is unlike that population growth will be halte

3、d，either in the developed or in the undeveloped world.问题1选项A.In view ofB.On behalf ofC.For the sake ofD.With the exception of【答案】A【解析】介词词组解析。in view of “ 鉴于，考虑到”；on behalf of “ 代表，为了”；for the sake of “由于，因为”；with the exception of “除了以外”。句意：考虑到他所说的，无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，人口增长似乎不会停止。选项A符合题意。4. 翻译题Consider t

4、he survey evidence, which shows that while most Americans want to have both science and religion in their lives, theyll only go so far to preserve the former at the expense of the latter.【答案】根据调查证据思考发现，尽管许多人在他们的生命里都想拥有科学和宗教，但是目前他们只会保留前者，而以后者为代价。5. 单选题Scientists are searching for the oldest tree _ be

5、cause it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.问题1选项A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live【答案】B【解析】同根词词义辨析。lively “活泼的，充满生气的”；alive “活着的”；living “现存的”；live “生动的”。句意：科学家正在寻找活着的古老的树，因为可以教他们许多有关于气候变化的问题。选项B符合题意。6. 写作题Describe children surfing the net briefly and give your com

6、ments.【答案】Nowadays, the Internet is one of the most powerful tools throughout the world. The Internet is a collection of various services and resources for people. Almost all households have access to the Internet ； however, before people connecting the Internet, they need to be aware of its disadva

7、ntages and advantages. Children of net users have become a big concern. Most parents do not realize the dangers involved when their children log onto the Internet. When children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. When children talk to others online, they do not realize th

8、ey could actually be talking to a harmful person. As a result, there have been many cases where children have been convinced to meet people they have talked with online. In addition, children may also receive pornography online by mistake; therefore, causing concern among parents everywhere. Whether

9、 surfing the Web, reading newsgroups, or using email, children can be exposed to extremely inappropriate material. Pornographic sites tend to make sure they are the first sites to be listed in any search area； thus, children come across such sites easily.We could control the issue from the following

10、 three aspects. First and foremost, parents are responsible for their own children on the Internet because there are available services to protect children. Further, to keep children safe, parents and teachers must be aware of the dangers. They must actively guide and guard their children online and

11、 should talk to children about what is online and what might happen online. In addition, the companies should develop a number of tools available today that may help keep the Internet environment safer for children. In other words, children want to explore things； however, there are people on the In

12、ternet that are just too persuasive.7. 单选题In the process of development we should（ ）heart that social life is based on exchange.问题1选项A.take fromB.take toC.take forD.take in【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。take from “降低；减少”；take to “喜欢；走向；开始从事”；take for “认为；以为”；take in “吸收；领会；理解”。句意：在发展过程中，我们应该领会到社会生活是以交流为基础的。选项D符合题意

13、8. 单选题It is ironic that the _ insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mere_.问题1选项A.original. clichesB.banal. beliefsC.dubious. habitsD.philosophical. questions【答案】A【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析。original “原始的，最初的”；banal “陈腐的，平庸的”；dubious “可疑的，暧昧的”；philosophical “哲学的，冷静的”。cliches “陈

14、词滥调”；belief “信仰”；habit “习惯”；question “问题”。句意：讽刺的是，这些伟大思想家最初的真知灼见经常被提及，以至于他们只不过变成了一些陈词滥调。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题John was so in his book that he did not hear the doorbell ring.问题1选项A.engagedB.occupiedC.absorbedD.concentrated【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。absorbed “全神贯注的”；engaged “使用中的”；occupied “已占用的”；concentrated “集中注意力的”，

15、本题用be absorbed in“全神贯注于”更为合适。句意：约翰如此全神贯注地阅读书籍，以至于他没有听到门铃。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题The spy gave General Washington a(n) （ ）report on enemy activities.问题1选项A.confidentB.influentialC.confidentialD.substantial【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。confident “自信的”；influential “有影响力的”； confidential “机密的”；substantial “实质的”。句意：这个间谍给了华盛顿总统

16、一个有关于敌人活动的机密报告。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Too much（ ）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.问题1选项A.exposureB.disclosureC.contactD.connection【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。exposure to “暴露于”；disclosure “揭发”；contact “接触”；connection “联系”。句意：过多暴露在X射线下对皮肤有伤害，也可能导致癌症或者其他伤害。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题On the north bank

17、 of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35, 000 a year, lost approximately $ 175, 000. He had never gambled before th

18、e casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $ 20 and left. On his second visit he lost $ 800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer，a “Fun Card”，which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user s

19、 gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.( 1) .In 1997 he lost $ 21，000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $ 72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a. m. , then went back

20、aboard when the casino opened at 9 a. m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem. In March 1998 a friend of Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to

21、 inform the casino of Williamss gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he

22、would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(2) .The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun. and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ti

23、cket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “ helplessly addicted to gambling ”，intentionally worked to “ lure” him to “ engage in conduct against his will”. Well.(3) .The fourth editio

24、n of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(4) .Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying wha

25、t once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(5) .Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on you might say addicted to revenues from wagering. And since the first I

26、nternet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers, dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1, 800 virtual casinos every week. With $ 3. 5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as

27、 the Webs most profitable business.问题1选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. A

28、nd in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered

29、a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,

30、often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its ground

31、s for doing so?问题2选项A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was

32、 his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social d

33、isease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as ad

34、dictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题3选项

35、A.Although no such evidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

36、C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a

37、social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlie

38、r, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题4选项A.Although no such e

39、vidence was presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had

40、 lost $ 5, 000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the m

41、ost important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generatio

42、ns explained as weakness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?问题5选项A.Although no such evidence was presente

43、d, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B.It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C.By the time he had lost $ 5, 000 he sa

44、id to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $ 5, 500, but he did not quit.D.Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and ag

45、gressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.E.David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F.It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weak

46、ness of will.G.The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:F第5题:D【解析】1.考查上下文语义题。根据空格上文，描述了Williams从一开

47、始不赌博到输钱的数目越来越大，说明他的赌瘾也越来越大，空格后文也提到了他玩老虎机也输了很多钱，所以根据上下文语境，推断出空格中的内容应该和他输钱的经历相关，用输钱的具体数据进行对比，最能说明他上瘾的过程。选项C符合题意。2. 逻辑关系题。空格上文提到威廉姆的朋友将他送进了戒毒中心，并且赌场也把威廉姆纳入了禁止赌博人名单内，认为赌博行为对他造成了心理和健康伤害，在下次进入赌场前，需要提供赌场不会给他造成安全和健康威胁的证明。空格下文提到尽管赌场知道他成瘾了，但是仍然诱惑他做违背自己意愿的事，还是继续纵容他。前后形成了一个转折，尽管威廉姆没有出示证明，赌场仍然给他发邮件，而且进赌场使用娱乐卡并没有被发现。所以赌场并没有按上文说的抑制他赌博成瘾的行为，而是继续诱惑纵容他。选项A符合题意。 3. 考查上下文语义题。根据上文，“worked to lure him to engage in conduct against his will”，赌场明明知