2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前拔高综合测试题含答案带详解第57期.docx

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1、2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The bar in the club is for the（ ）use of its members.问题1选项A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveD.comprehensive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项extensive“广泛的，大量的”；B选项exclusive“独有的，专一的”；C选项inclusive“包含的，包括的”；D选项comprehensive“综合的，广泛的”。句意：俱乐部内的酒吧仅对会员开放。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。2. 写作题Write

2、 on the ANSWER SHEET a letter of about 150 words based on the following situation:Suppose you are interested in being a visiting scholar at New York University, the United States. Write an application letter, stating your personal qualities, accomplishments and other reasons why you are among those

3、best suited to learn at that university.【答案】略3. 单选题No one expected him to（ ）against his former employer.问题1选项A.deduceB.testifyC.certifyD.allege【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推论，推断”；B选项testify“证明，证实”；C选项certify“证明，保证”；D选项allege“宣称，断言”。四个选项中，只有B选项可以和against搭配，testify against sb作不利于某人的证明。句意：没人指望他会指证他的前雇主。由选

4、项意思和固定搭配可知，B选项符合句意。4. 单选题The meeting was（ ）over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city.问题1选项A.propelledB.pickedC.postponedD.presided【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项propel“推进，驱使”，B选项pick“挑选，采摘”，pick over“择优，分档挑选”；C选项postpone“延迟，缓办”；D选项preside“主持”，preside over“主持，负责”。句意：会议由市长主持，讨论城市税收增加问题。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，D

5、选项符合句意。5. 单选题A(n)（ ）shape has four straight sides at 90 to each other, two of which are much longer than the other two.问题1选项A.squareB.ovalC.circularD.oblong【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项square“正方形的，直角的”；B选项oval“椭圆的，卵形的”；C选项circular“循环的，圆形的”；D选项oblong“长方形的”。句意：长方形有四条边，相邻两边夹角为90度，其中两条边长于另外两条。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

6、6. 单选题The tooth that is being extracted by the dentist（ ）me for some time.问题1选项A.has hurtB.has been hurtingC.is hurtingD.hurts【答案】A【解析】考查时态。“for+一段时间”一般用现在完成时，“for some time”表示“一段时间以来”，句意：牙科医生正在拔的那颗牙痛了我一段时间了。所以本题选择A选项“has hurt”正确。7. 单选题The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the ground

7、s that it was（ ）to the issue at hand.问题1选项A.irrationalB.unreasonableC.invalidD.irrelevant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irrational“不合理的，无理性的”；B选项unreasonable “不合理的，不切实际的”；C选项invalid“无效的，有病的”；D选项irrelevant“不相干的，不切题的”。句意：法官裁定该证据不可采信，因为它与手头的问题无关。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。8. 写作题Write on the ANSWER SHEET a letter of about

8、 120 words based on the following situation:You have just come back from an international conference. Write a letter to Mr. Smith, an American scholar you met at the conference, to:1. introduce yourself and the university where you work,2. invite him to give a lecture at your university.【答案】略9. 单选题T

9、he American dream is most（ ）during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.问题1选项A.plausibleB.patrioticC.primitiveD.partial【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项plausible“看似可信的，花言巧语的”；B选项patriotic“爱国的”；C选项primitive“原始的，粗糙的”；D选项partial“偏爱的，不公平的”，这里要考虑句子前后的逻辑关系，美国资本主义带来发达的生产力，创造了巨大的财富，因此一

10、时之间美国梦看起来似乎是能实现的，其它三项均不能使句子句意通顺。句意：在美国资本主义带来高度的生产力和巨大的财富期间，美国梦似乎是最能实现的。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。10. 单选题All the parts of the washing machine are（ ）, so that it is very convenient to replace them.问题1选项A.normalizedB.standardizedC.mechanizedD.modernized【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项normalize“正常化，常规化，规格化”；B选项standardize

11、标准化，使标准化”；C选项mechanize“使机械化，机械化”；D选项modernize“使现代化”，句意：这台洗衣机的所有零件都标准化了，所以要更换它们很方便。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。11. 单选题I couldnt find（ ）, and so I took this one.问题1选项A.a large enough coatB.an enough large coatC.a large coat enoughD.a coat enough large【答案】A【解析】考查副词用法。句意：enough修饰名词时放名词前，如：I dont have enough mon

12、ey.修饰形容词或副词时放形容词或副词后，如：You are not capable enough to get this position.所以本题的正确答案是A选项。句意：我找不到足够大的大衣，所以我拿了这一件。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。12. 单选题The speaker was very good at（ ）his ideas during the discussion.问题1选项A.putting asideB.putting acrossC.putting backD.putting off【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项put aside“撇开，把放在一边”，例句：

13、They decided to put aside their differences.（他们决定搁置双方的分歧。）；B选项put across“解释清楚，说明”，例句：Do you give him a fair opportunity to put across his views?（你会给他们平等的机会去表达自己的看法吗？）；C选项put back“推迟，妨碍”，例句：The meeting has been put back to next week.（这次会议已延期到下周了。）；D选项put off“推迟”，例句：Weve had to put off our wedding unt

14、il September.（我们只得把婚期推迟到九月。）。句意：演讲者很善于在讨论中表达自己的观点。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。13. 单选题It is politely requested by the hotel management that the piano（ ）after 11 of oclock at night.问题1选项A.was not playedB.not to playC.not be playedD.did not play【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。在it is+表示要求、建议、必要、命令意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中。句子使用虚拟语气。其结构

15、是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，且此处表示被动。本句句型是：It is requested by sb that，所以句子要用虚拟语气。句意：饭店管理部门恳请客人晚上11点以后不要打开收音机。所以本题选择C选项正确。14. 单选题Laboratory tests gave conclusive（ ）that the meat presents no risk to human health.问题1选项A.possibilityB.newsC.proofD.fact【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项possibility“可能性，可能的事”；B选项news“新闻，信息”；

16、C选项proof“证明，证据”；D选项fact“事实，实际”，句意：实验室测试提供了确凿的证据，证明这种肉类对人体健康没有危险。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。15. 单选题The tone of the article（ ）the writers mood at the time.问题1选项A.reproducedB.reflectedC.imaginedD.imitated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项reflect“反射，反应”；C选项imagine“想象，猜想”；D选项imitate“模仿，仿制”。句意：这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时

17、的心情。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。16. 单选题The job of a student accommodation officer（ ）a great many visits to landladies.问题1选项A.concernsB.offersC.asksD.involves【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。考查动词辨析。A选项concern“关系到，涉及”，搭配是sth. concern sb.表示“某事关系到某人”；B选项offer“提供，给予”；C选项ask“询问，邀请”；D选项involve“包含，涉及”。句意：学生宿舍管理人员的工作包括经常拜访女房东。由选项意思和句

18、意可知，D选项符合句意。17. 单选题Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in bills, notes, and other forms of short term credit can buy and sell. The “money market” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transact

19、ions in money and short-term credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate servi

20、ce to his customers, he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his stock in trade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of fin

21、ancial servicescommercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even governmentsto do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them.The elementa

22、l functions of a money market must be performed in any kind of modern economy, even one that is largely planned or socialist, but the arrangements in socialist countries do not ordinarily take the form of a market. Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned alloca

23、tions to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses. The general distinguishing feature of a money market is that it relies upon open competition among those who are bulk suppliers of funds at any particular time and among those seeking bulk funds, to work out the best practic

24、able distribution of the existing total volume of such funds.In their market transactions, those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers. The characteristics of these middlemen, the services they perform, and their relationship

25、to other parts of the financial system vary widely from country to country. In many countries there is no single meeting place where the middlemen get together, yet in most countries the contacts among all participants are sufficiently open and free to assure each supplier or user of funds that he w

26、ill get or pay a price that fairly reflects all of the influences (including his own) that are currently affecting the whole supply and the whole demand. In nearly all cases, moreover, the unifying force of competition is reflected at any given moment in a common price (that is, rate of interest) fo

27、r similar transactions. Continuous fluctuations in the money market rates of interest result from changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market and in the pull of current demands upon the market.1. The first paragraph is mainly about（ ）.2. According to this passage, the mone

28、y market（ ）.3. Which of the following statements concerning money market is NOT TRUE according to this passage?4. The author uses the example of middlemen to show（ ）.5. According to this passage,（ ）.问题1选项A.the definition of money marketB.the constitution of a money marketC.the basic functions of a m

29、oney marketD.the general feature of a money market问题2选项A.provides convenient services to its customersB.has close contact with the individuals or firms seeking fundsC.maintains accounts with various retailers of financial servicesD.is made up of institutions which specialize in handling wholesale mo

30、netary transactions问题3选项A.Money market does not exist in planned economies.B.Money market has been established in some socialist countries.C.Money market encourages open competition among bulk suppliers of funds.D.Money market relies upon market processes to distribute funds to final users.问题4选项A.ma

31、rket transactions are important in different countriesB.dealers are needed in doing businessC.middlemen can play great role in different transactions and different countries.D.middlemen in different countries have different actions in business.问题5选项A.brokers usually perform the same kinds of service

32、s to their customersB.brokers have little contact with each otherC.open competition tends to result in a common price for similar transactions at any given momentD.changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market tends to maintain a money market【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】

33、1.主旨大意题。题干：第一段主要是关于_。可以定位到第一段，不难发现，第一段的主要是在描述金融市场的定义The “money market” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and short-term credit.（金融市场就是一组用钱和短期信贷进行批发交易的公共机构或组织。）以及金融市场的目的和作用It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of th

34、e retailers of financial services（其设立的目的是为了帮助金融机构），所以C选项“金融市场的基本功能”正确。A选项“金融市场的定义”不够全面，B选项“金融市场的章程”和D选项“金融市场的一般特征”在第一段中均未提及，排除，所以本题的正确答案是C选项。2.推理判断题。题干：根据文章，金融市场_。通过第一段第二行的后半句话可知The “money market” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in mo

35、ney and short-term credit.（金融市场就是一组用钱和短期信贷进行批发交易的公共机构或组织。），该句的意思与D项“是由专门处理批发货币交易的机构组成的”符合，故D选项正确。A选项“为客户提供方便的服务”通过第一段第四句If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers（如果零售商要为他的客户提供充足的服务。），可知，为客户提供服务的应该是零售商，所以A选项不正确，B选项“与寻求资金的个人或公司有密切联系”，通过最后一段第一句话In their market transacti

36、ons, those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers.（在市场交易中，提供资金和寻求资金者之间依靠经纪人或经销商这些中间人来进行交易。），所以B选项不正确，C选项“在不同的金融服务零售商保持账户”，由第一段倒数第二句话可知，金融市场是为了帮助金融机构的零售商们做好他们的工作，和C选项表达意思不符合，所以C选项不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.推理判断题。题干：根据文章可知，以下那个关于金融市场

37、的描述不正确？根据第二段第三行Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses.（金融市场存在于那些利用市场而不是计划来分配资源的国家里。），我们可以知道，货币市场不仅仅存在于社会主义国家，所以B选项“金融市场在一些社会主义国家已经建立了”是错误的。A选项“计划经济中不存在金融市场”，与第二段的第一句话“金融市场最基本的功能必须

38、以现代经济形式来体现，甚至是高度计划或社会主义，但社会主义国家不一定都要采取市场形式。”对应，所以排除A选项，C选项“金融市场鼓励大宗资金供应商之间的公开竞争”与第二段的最后一句话“货币市场的特点是，它依赖于在任何特定时间内，大量资金提供者之间的公开竞争”对应，所以排除C选项，D选项“金融市场依靠市场程序将资金分配给最终用户”，与文章第一段中提到，“金融市场就是一组用钱和短期信贷进行批发交易的公共机构或组织，在多样经济背景下在零售层面中将产品分配给最终的用户需要建立很多便利设施”对应，所以排除D选项。综上所述，本题应该选B选项。4.推理判断题。题干：作者利用中间商的例子来说明_。三段中，对这些

39、middleman的作用进行了阐述，从中我们可以看到他们在不同的国家都起到了重要的作用，所以C选项“中间商在不同的交易和不同的国家都能发挥很大的作用”正确，A选项“市场交易在不同的国家都很重要”和D选项“在不同的国家中间商在商界有着不同的举措”，在文中均有提及，但是并不是作者的目的。B选项“做生意需要经销商”文章都在说明金融市场的功能和重要性，所以这里应该是，做生意需要金融市场而不是经销商。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。5.推理判断题。题干：根据文章，_。第二段的第三句话中，我们可以知道货币市场的一个分配特征就是依靠资金提供方和需求方各内部之间的竞争，所以可以得出C项“公开竞争往往会导致类

40、似交易在任何给定时刻的共同价格”的结论。A“经纪人通常为他们的客户提供同样的服务”，通过文章第三段第二句话“这些中间人的特点，他们提供的服务，他们同其他金融之间的关系每个国家都不同”，可知A选项不正确，B项“经纪人之间几乎没有联系”，通过文章第三段第三句话“大多数国家中所有参与者之间的联系都是公开进行”可知B选项不符合文中的题意。D项“可用资金供应对市场压力的变化倾向于维持货币市场”货币市场的浮动并不只是取决于资金提供方，还有市场的需要的因素，所以排除D选项。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。18. 单选题Fool（ ）Jerry is, he could not have done such

41、 a thing.问题1选项A.whoB.asC.likeD.that【答案】B【解析】考查让步状语从句。句子前半部分用了倒装，四个选项中只有as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。句意：像杰瑞这么傻，他不可能做这种事。故本题的正确选项是B选项。19. 单选题Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the（ ）for herself.问题1选项A.creditB.attentionC.focusD.award【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选

42、项credit“赞扬，赞许”，all the credit意为“所有的功劳”；B选项attention“注意力”；C选项focus“焦点，重点”；D选项award“奖品，奖励”。句意：莎莉为这项工程做出了很大的贡献，但她从没有将所有的功劳据为己有。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。20. 单选题In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bod

43、ies as well.First. Lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.

44、This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You neede

45、d enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”，but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are” .Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into

46、the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”，two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters” those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed text